Abstract: A process including preheating a hydrocarbon feed in a first preheat zone of a convection section, recovering a preheated hydrocarbon stream; heating the preheated hydrocarbon stream in a secondary transferline exchanger, recovering a heated hydrocarbon stream; feeding the heated hydrocarbon stream to a second preheat zone of the convection section to vaporize a portion of heated hydrocarbon stream, recovering a cracking feedstream; cracking hydrocarbons in the cracking feedstream in one or more coils in a radiant section, recovering a cracked hydrocarbon product; and cooling the cracked hydrocarbon product in the secondary transferline exchanger in indirect heat exchange with the preheated hydrocarbon stream, recovering a cooled hydrocarbon product stream.

Abstract: A heater includes a radiant section with a bottom wall and a side wall. A burner is provided on the bottom wall and a primary fuel stream and a primary combustion air stream are provided through the burner to support a primary combustion reaction local to the burner. The primary combustion air stream may be less than the air needed to burn all of the primary fuel stream, resulting in the primary combustion reaction being sub-stochiometric and reducing NOx formation. A remote air pipe injects remote air into the radiant section distal to the burner, and in some cases, spaced from the burner by at least two meters. The remote air addition supports a lean secondary combustion reaction that further minimizes NOx emissions concentration. The heater is suitable for use with high H2 fuel or preheated air, or both, to lower CO2 emissions while meeting NOx emission targets.

Abstract: An apparatus including a radiant heating section and a flue gas stack; one or more process coils disposed within the radiant heating section; one or more fuel-fired burners disposed within the radiant heating section, the one or more fuel-fired burners configured for combusting a fuel and producing the combustion gas; one or more electrical heating elements disposed within the radiant heating section, the one or more electrical heating elements arranged to provide a second radiant energy to a lower elevation of the one or more process coils; and an internal baffle located at an elevation between the upper elevation and the lower elevation, the internal baffle arranged to provide shielding of the one or more electrical heating elements from flame and combustion gases from the one or more fuel-fired burners.

Abstract: Electrical heater systems including one or multiple electrical heaters and a stack for combusting materials leaked into and vented from the electrical heaters. Configurations may include fluid conduits, pressure doors and other equipment for controlling a flow of leaked process fluid between the heater enclosure and the stack. Configurations may also include a purge gas distribution system for purging heater enclosures and preventing thermal shock of electrical heating elements.

Abstract: An apparatus for heating petroleum, petrochemical, chemical process fluids, and boiler feed water or steam generation with a combination, or individual operation, of electrical elements and fired burners. The apparatus includes a radiant heating section and a flue gas stack for exhausting a combustion gas to the atmosphere. The radiant section includes one or more process coils, one or more fuel-fired burners for combusting a fuel and producing the combustion gas, where the one or more fuel-fired burners are arranged to provide radiant energy to a first area of the one or more process coils, and one or more electrical heating elements arranged to provide radiant energy to a second area of the one or more process coils. The one or more electrical heating elements are configured to provide 5% or more of a combined maximum energy output of the fuel-fired burners and the electrical heating elements.

Abstract: An electric air heater system including a first electric air heater module. The first electric air heater module including an outer casing having an inner surface, a first end, and a second end; a refractory insulation layer in tight communication with the outer casing; an inner cavity within the refractory insulation layer; and a plurality of tubes extending through the inner cavity from the first end to the second end, the plurality of tubes each having an exterior surface. Each tube is fixed relative to the outer casing at the first end, and each tube has an electrical connection disposed at the first end. The plurality of tubes is arranged into one or more bundles of tubes, where each bundle includes two or more tubes having a plurality of fins extending radially from the exterior surface, and a heating element axially through a hollow interior of the tube.

Abstract: A heater includes a convection section with columns and tube sheets coupled to the columns with tubes received in the tube sheets. The convection section includes a space between the tube sheets associated with corresponding pairs of columns. A structural frame is coupled to the columns and positioned in the space to slidably receive one or more catalyst support beds for loading or unloading a catalyst into the convection section through a lateral side of the convection section of the heater. The structural frame may include beams, struts, slide plates, and other frame elements that assist with supporting the catalyst support beds and enable sliding of the catalyst support beds with respect to the structural frame.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a soil-structure improving bio-organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of biological fertilizers. The preparation method of the bio-organic fertilizer of the present invention includes the following steps: S1: aerobically fermenting cow dung-based organic materials to prepare a solid-state fermentation medium; S2: inoculating Bacillus subtilis fermentation broth and silicate bacteria fermentation broth into the solid-state fermentation medium for solid-state fermentation until the end of fermentation; and S3: after the fermentation is finished, extruding and granulating or directly sieving to prepare the soil-structure improving bio-organic fertilizer.

Abstract: An inline static mixer includes an outer tube and an inner tube positioned inside the outer tube and arranged coaxially with respect to the outer tube with a space between the inner and outer tubes. The inner tube is operable to receive and convey a hydrocarbon stream and the outer tube is operable to receive and convey a diluent stream. At least one baffle extends from the inner tube toward the outer tube and through at least a portion of the space that is operable to generate a twisted diluent flow from the diluent stream. The twisted diluent flow and the hydrocarbon stream are mixed downstream of an outlet of the inner tube with the twisted diluent flow forming a boundary layer along an internal surface of the outer tube to minimize fouling from liquid or liquid droplets of the hydrocarbon stream after mixing.

Abstract: Systems and processes for external combustion air preheating for providing preheated combustion air to a furnace. The furnace systems convective heating section includes multiple heating coils for waste heat recovery. The heating coils may be used for preheating a feed (feed preheat coils), heating a boiler feed water, superheating steam, or heating or superheating a feed stream prior to the feed being fed to the radiant coil. The waste heat in the combustion gas is also used to heat a heat transfer fluid, which may be used to pre-heat combustion air or for other purposes within the plant.

Abstract: An electrically heated furnace including one or more unit cells. Each unit cell includes a radiant heating section, one or more process coils disposed within the radiant heating section, and a quench unit for cooling a cracked product from the one or more process coils and producing a quenched reaction product. The furnace also includes one or more electrical heating elements disposed within the radiant heating section, the one or more electrical heating elements are arranged to provide radiant energy to the one or more process coils. Further, the electrically heated furnace includes a first area corresponding to a heating area of the one or more electrical heating elements, a second area corresponding to a wall area of the wall on which the one or more electrical heating elements are disposed, and a third area corresponding to a surface area of the one or more process coils.

Abstract: A process including preheating a hydrocarbon feed in a first preheat zone of a convection section, recovering a preheated hydrocarbon stream; heating the preheated hydrocarbon stream in a secondary transferline exchanger, recovering a heated hydrocarbon stream; feeding the heated hydrocarbon stream to a second preheat zone of the convection section to vaporize a portion of heated hydrocarbon stream, recovering a cracking feedstream; cracking hydrocarbons in the cracking feedstream in one or more coils in a radiant section, recovering a cracked hydrocarbon product; and cooling the cracked hydrocarbon product in the secondary transferline exchanger in indirect heat exchange with the preheated hydrocarbon stream, recovering a cooled hydrocarbon product stream.

Abstract: A system for cracking hydrocarbons including a fired heater having a radiant section and a convective section. The radiant coil is disposed within the radiant section of the heater, the radiant coil having three to seven rows of tubes, wherein each row comprises two multi-pass tubes, and wherein the multi-pass tubes of the three to seven rows of tubes are collectively disposed symmetrically or pseudo symmetrically within the radiant section of the heater. The system further including a transfer line exchanger fluidly connected to an outlet tube of each of the three to seven rows of tubes.

Abstract: A process for the vaporization of a cryogenic liquid is disclosed. The process may include: combusting a fuel in a burner to produce an exhaust gas; admixing ambient air and the exhaust gas to produce a mixed gas; contacting the mixed gas via indirect heat exchange with a cryogenic liquid to vaporize the cryogenic liquid. Also disclosed is a system for vaporization of a cryogenic liquid. The system may include: one or more burners for combusting a fuel to produce an exhaust gas; one or more inlets for admixing ambient air with the exhaust gas to produce a mixed gas; and one or more heat transfer conduits for indirectly heating a fluid with the mixed gas.

Abstract: A process for the vaporization of a cryogenic liquid is disclosed. The process may include: combusting a fuel in a burner to produce an exhaust gas; admixing ambient air and the exhaust gas to produce a mixed gas; contacting the mixed gas via indirect heat exchange with a cryogenic liquid to vaporize the cryogenic liquid. Also disclosed is a system for vaporization of a cryogenic liquid. The system may include: one or more burners for combusting a fuel to produce an exhaust gas; one or more inlets for admixing ambient air with the exhaust gas to produce a mixed gas; and one or more heat transfer conduits for indirectly heating a fluid with the mixed gas.

Abstract: A furnace for thermally cracking hydrocarbon process fluid is provided. The furnace comprises a convection section including a plurality of convection sub-sections, a radiant section comprising a plurality of radiant sub-sections, and an enclosure defining a plurality of discrete sectors. Each discrete sector of the enclosure includes a convection sub-section having at least one convection conduit for carrying hydrocarbon process fluid, at least one radiant sub-section having at least one radiant conduit connected to receive preheated hydrocarbon process fluid from the convection conduit, and a heat source configured to deliver heat into the discrete sector. Adjacent sectors of the furnace are segregated from each other, such that the heat delivered from the heat source is substantially localized in the discrete sector of the enclosure.

Abstract: A process for refining high-impurity blister copper to anode quality copper is disclosed. In an oxidation step of a blister copper refining stage, soda ash fluxing removes antimony and arsenic while also removing sulfur and iron. In a deoxidation step of the blister copper refining stage, sulfur hexafluoride is injected at a controlled oxygen concentration to remove bismuth while reducing the oxygen content. Slag is continuously or periodically skimmed from the surface of the molten blister copper to prevent re-entry of impurities. The process may be carried out in batch operation or, in a preferred embodiment, in continuous flow-through operation.