Abstract: The present invention relates to an eco-friendly and single step process for the preparation of high purity iron by using hydrogen plasma in a suitable smelting reactor furnace. Reduction of iron oxide in excess of 99% can be achieved by reducing the iron ore in hydrogen plasma smelting system. The product quality is greatly improved as there is no instance of coke inclusion which otherwise would have carried carbon, sulphur, phosphorous, silica, etc. with it. In addition, this greatly diminishes carbon dioxide emission thereby making the process highly eco-friendly in nature. Apart from these, the process produces water as the only by-product. The process takes care of the green house effect with the non-involvement of gases like carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide during the operation. Thus, the present process is developed to produce high pure iron in a hydrogen plasma reactor without using carbon as reductant which thereby reduces the carbon dioxide emission drastically.

Abstract: A hydrometallurgical process is provided for the recovery of tellurium as elemental tellurium powder from copper refinery anode slime containing high amount of lead. The process involves the removal of copper and lead from anode slime followed by the recovery of tellurium as elemental powders. An economical and environment friendly process is provided for producing tellurium from a high lead bearing anode slime as it involves only hydrometallurgical techniques and thereby avoids emission of any polluting gases and has an efficiency of 85 to 90%. The developed process of recovering tellurium as elemental powders from copper refinery anode slime is beneficial in the production of pure tellurium instead of tellurium compounds. It helps raise the profit margin of a non-ferrous metal industry dealing with extraction of copper from ores and treatment of anode slime for the recovery of other metal values.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method of preparing a composition of a cold setting geo-polymer based building material. The cold-setting geo-polymer concrete is a green concrete that requires curing at ambient conditions. The method includes mixing one or more aggregates and a plurality of chemical ingredients in a mixing apparatus, and chemically activating an obtained geo-polymer concrete mix by adding an alkaline activator. The one or more aggregates include a plurality of stone chips and a plurality of sand particles. The plurality of chemical ingredients includes a fly ash and a calcium hydroxide solution. The fly ash includes one or more alumino-silicate aggregates. The fly ash, the plurality of sand particles and the calcium hydroxide solution, and the plurality of stone chips are mixed in a first pre-determined ratio. The alkaline activator prevents temperature curing of the cold-setting geo-polymer concrete.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an eco-friendly and single step process for the preparation of high purity iron by using hydrogen plasma in a suitable smelting reactor furnace. Reduction of iron oxide in excess of 99% can be achieved by reducing the iron ore in hydrogen plasma smelting system. The product quality is greatly improved as there is no instance of coke inclusion which otherwise would have carried carbon, sulphur, phosphorous, silica, etc. with it. In addition, this greatly diminishes carbon dioxide emission thereby making the process highly eco-friendly in nature. Apart from these, the process produces water as the only by-product. The process takes care of the green house effect with the non-involvement of gases like carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide during the operation. Thus, the present process is developed to produce high pure iron in a hydrogen plasma reactor without using carbon as reductant which thereby reduces the carbon dioxide emission drastically.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an electrochemical system and process for the reduction of nitric acid concentration present in industrial waste using electrolytic cell. The present invention further relates to an electrochemical process for the reduction of nitric acid concentration using an electrolytic cell useful in reducing the volume of the high level liquid waste solution (HLLW) and avoiding corrosion of the storage tanks for high level liquid waste solution (HLLW).

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition for advanced hybrid geopolymeric functional materials possessing very broad application spectrum ranging from cementitious materials to advanced functional materials having “Inorganic-Organic Hybrid” matrix in contrast to the limited application of conventional geopolymeric materials having “Inorganic matrix” only. The invention further relates to a process for the preparation of these materials. The process obviates the need of external addition of sodium silicate which is one of the costliest and main raw materials in conventional geopolymerisation processes. Interestingly, in the present invention the sodium silicate has been synthesized in situ by designing of conditions for synergistic and simultaneous mechano-chemical reactions among the selected raw materials viz. inorganic and organic wastes under alkaline environment.

Abstract: A hydrometallurgical process is provided for the recovery of tellurium as elemental tellurium powder from copper refinery anode slime containing high amount of lead. The process involves the removal of copper and lead from anode slime followed by the recovery of tellurium as elemental powders. An economical and environment friendly process is provided for producing tellurium from a high lead bearing anode slime as it involves only hydrometallurgical techniques and thereby avoids emission of any polluting gases and has an efficiency of 85 to 90%. The developed process of recovering tellurium as elemental powders from copper refinery anode slime is beneficial in the production of pure tellurium instead of tellurium compounds. It helps raise the profit margin of a non-ferrous metal industry dealing with extraction of copper from ores and treatment of anode slime for the recovery of other metal values.

Abstract: A method for separating particles of different specific gravity from a sized ore feed, wherein the ore can be coal, metallic, non-metallic and mineral ores. The method particles from the ore are sieved to obtain size fractions of different particle size ranges, after which a load of particles of a size fraction are placed in a container and fluidized by passing a fluid flow through the load of particles. By lowering the flow velocity of the fluid through the load the particles are deposited in the container in one or more layers depending on the specific gravity of each of the particles, after which the deposited particles are separated in portions of different specific gravity. The portions represent different ore content of the particles in each portion on basis of which the theoretical yield of the ore can be determined. The invention provides an apparatus to carry out the method.

Abstract: Direct reduced iron (DRI) is obtained from iron ore by reduction using microwave assisted low temperature hydrogen plasma. The process includes steps of: (a) loading iron ore onto a sample holder (b) placing the sample holder inside a chamber followed by evacuating the chamber; (c) introducing hydrogen gas in the chamber at flow rate ranging between 100-500 standard cubic centimeters (sccm) followed by heating the sample holder and the iron ore at a temperature ranging between 300-800° C., a pressure ranging between 20-100 torr and a microwave power ranging between 500-1500 W to obtain direct reduced iron; and (d) cooling the direct reduced iron obtained in step (c) by flowing hydrogen at flow rate of about 300 sccm.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition and a process for the preparation of chemical activated cold setting fly ash building construction materials. The chemical activator is an alkaline aqueous solution of 11.2 to 13.6 in pH and 1.25 to 1.40 gm/cc in density which contains admixtures of different concentrations of hydroxyl, sulfate, acetate and chloride bearing chemical salts of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium and aluminum in water medium. The reaction of chemical activator solution and the mineral constituents of fly ash mix develop binding property. The binding matrix of chemical activated fly ash mix is mostly hydrous silica and silicate group of phases which on setting under atmospheric condition attains strength suitable for building construction application. Utilization of fly ash of any source by weight ranges from 80 to 99% in manufacture of building materials including heat and acid resistance and toxic waste disposal products.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition for advanced hybrid geopolymeric functional materials possessing very broad application spectrum ranging from cementitious materials to advanced functional materials having “Inorganic-Organic Hybrid” matrix in contrast to the limited application of conventional geopolymeric materials having “Inorganic matrix” only. The invention further relates to a process for the preparation of these materials. The process obviates the need of external addition of sodium silicate which is one of the costliest and main raw materials in conventional geopolymerisation processes. Interestingly, in the present invention the sodium silicate has been synthesized in situ by designing of conditions for synergistic and simultaneous mechano-chemical reactions among the selected raw materials viz. inorganic and organic wastes under alkaline environment.

Abstract: A green process for the preparation of direct reduced iron (DRI) from iron ore by reduction using microwave assisted low temperature hydrogen plasma, wherein the said process includes the steps of: loading of iron ore onto the sample holder followed by evacuating of the chamber; introducing the hydrogen gas in the chamber at flow rate ranging between 100-500 sccm followed by heating the holder and sample at temperature ranging between 300-800° C. and pressure ranging between 20-100 torr and at microwave power ranging between 500-1500 W to obtain direct reduced iron; and cooling the direct reduced iron as obtained in step (b) at temperature ranging between 300-800° C. by flowing hydrogen at flow rate of about 300 sccm.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition and a process for the preparation of chemical activated cold setting fly ash building construction materials. The chemical activator is an alkaline aqueous solution of 11.2 to 13.6 in pH and 1.25 to 1.40 gm/cc in density which contains admixtures of different concentrations of hydroxyl, sulfate, acetate and chloride bearing chemical salts of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium and aluminum in water medium. The reaction of chemical activator solution and the mineral constituents of fly ash mix develop binding property. The binding matrix of chemical activated fly ash mix is mostly hydrous silica and silicate group of phases which on setting under atmospheric condition attains strength suitable for building construction application. Utilization of fly ash of any source by weight ranges from 80 to 99% in manufacture of building materials including heat and acid resistance and toxic waste disposal products.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition and a process for the preparation of chemical activated cold setting fly ash building construction materials. The chemical activator is an alkaline aqueous solution of 11.2 to 13.6 in pH and 1.25 to 1.40 gm/cc in density which contains admixtures of different concentrations of hydroxyl, sulfate, acetate and chloride bearing chemical salts of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium and aluminum in water medium. The reaction of chemical activator solution and the mineral constituents of fly ash mix develop binding property. The binding matrix of chemical activated fly ash mix is mostly hydrous silica and silicate group of phases which on setting under atmospheric condition attains strength suitable for building construction application. Utilization of fly ash of any source by weight ranges from 80 to 99% in manufacture of building materials including heat and acid resistance and toxic waste disposal products.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition and a process for the preparation of chemical activated cold setting fly ash building construction materials. The chemical activator is an alkaline aqueous solution of 11.2 to 13.6 in pH and 1.25 to 1.40 gm/cc in density which contains admixtures of different concentrations of hydroxyl, sulfate, acetate and chloride bearing chemical salts of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium and aluminum in water medium. The reaction of chemical activator solution and the mineral constituents of fly ash mix develop binding property. The binding matrix of chemical activated fly ash mix is mostly hydrous silica and silicate group of phases which on setting under atmospheric condition attains strength suitable for building construction application. Utilization of fly ash of any source by weight ranges from 80 to 99% in manufacture of building materials including heat and acid resistance and toxic waste disposal products.