Abstract: An antigen concentration procedure does not involve lyophilisation of a bulk antigen before its final formulation and/or delivery. Thus a process for preparing a vaccine comprises steps of (i) increasing the concentration of an antigen in a liquid composition including that antigen, to provide a concentrated antigen, and (ii) formulating a vaccine from the concentrated antigen. The concentrated antigen is not lyophilised between or during steps (i) and (ii). The invention is particularly useful for preparing solid vaccine forms.

Abstract: The invention provides immunogenic compositions for mucosal delivery comprising capsular saccharides from at least two of serogroups A, C, W135 and Y of N. meningitidis. It is preferred that the capsular saccharides in the compositions of the invention are conjugated to carrier protein(s) and/or are oligosaccharides. Conjugated oligosaccharide antigens are particularly preferred. The invention also provides immunogenic compositions comprising (a) a capsular saccharide antigen from serogroup C of N. meningitidis, and (b) a chitosan adjuvant. The composition preferably comprises (c) one or more further antigens and/or (d) one or more further adjuvants. The compositions are particularly suitable for mucosal delivery, including intranasal delivery. The use of chitosan and/or detoxified ADP-ribosylating toxin adjuvants enhances anti-meningococcal mucosal immune responses and can shift the Th1/Th2 bias of the responses.

Abstract: The invention provides immunogenic compositions for mucosal delivery comprising capsular saccharides from at least two of serogroups A, C, W135 and Y of N. meningitidis. It is preferred that the capsular saccharides in the compositions of the invention are conjugated to carrier protein(s) and/or are oligosaccharides. Conjugated oligosaccharide antigens are particularly preferred. The invention also provides immunogenic compositions comprising (a) a capsular saccharide antigen from serogroup C of N. meningitidis, and (b) a chitosan adjuvant. The composition preferably comprises (c) one or more further antigens and/or (d) one or more further adjuvants. The compositions are particularly suitable for mucosal delivery, including intranasal delivery. The use of chitosan and/or detoxified ADP-ribosylating toxin adjuvants enhances anti-meningococcal mucosal immune responses and can shift the Th1/Th2 bias of the responses.

Abstract: The invention provides immunogenic compositions comprising (a) a capsular saccharide antigen from serogroup C of N. meningitidis, and (b) a chitosan adjuvant. The composition preferably comprises (c) one or more further antigens and/or (d) one or more further adjuvants. The compositions are particularly suitable for mucosal delivery, including intranasal delivery. The invention also provides immunogenic compositions for mucosal delivery comprising capsular saccharides from at least two of serogroups A, C, W135 and Y of N. meningitidis. It is preferred that the capsular saccharides in the compositions of the invention are conjugated to carrier protein(s) and/or are oligosaccharides. Conjugated oligosaccharide antigens are particularly preferred.