Abstract: Nanostructured surfaces on selected substrates are described which are highly resistant to cell adhesion. Such surfaces on medical implants inhibit fibroblast adhesion particularly on nanorough titanium deposited on smooth silicone surfaces. The nanostructured deposited metal coatings can also be engineered so that several cell types, including endothelial, osteoblast, and fibroblast cells, show little if any tendency to attach to the coated surface in vivo.

Abstract: A molecular plasma deposition (MPD) method in combination with an atomic layer deposition (ALD) procedure is used to produce amorphous, nonconformal thin metal film coatings on a variety of substrates. The films are porous, mesh-like lattices with imperfections such as pinholes and pores, which are useful as scaffolds for cell attachment, controlled release of bioactive agents and protective coatings.

Abstract: A modified atomic plasma deposition (APD) procedure is used to produce amorphous, nonconformal thin metal film coatings on a variety of substrates. The films are porous, mesh-like lattices with imperfections such as pinholes and pores, which are useful as scaffolds for cell attachment, controlled release of bioactive agents and protective coatings.

Abstract: Nanostructured surfaces on selected substrates are described which are highly resistant to cell adhesion. Such surfaces on medical implants inhibit fibroblast adhesion particularly on nanorough titanium deposited on smooth silicone surfaces. The nanostructured deposited metal coatings can also be engineered so that several cell types, including endothelial, osteoblast, and fibroblast cells, show little if any tendency to attach to the coated surface in vivo.

Abstract: Spinulose surfaces such as titanium and zirconium can be coated with a range of polymers used to form thin, adherent polymer surface films. Selected polymer coatings are useful for use as biocompatible surfaces on implants, catheters, guidewires, stents and a variety of medical devices for in vivo applications. The polymer coatings can also be used to protect metal surfaces nanostructured with spinulose titanium or zirconium.

Abstract: Nanophase single or multiple layer time release coatings over drugs attached to metal surfaces are described. The coatings are deposited over a drug attached to a porous metal substrate using an atomic plasma deposition procedure. Porosity of the substrate and the number of APD deposited layers controls drug release when the attached drug is exposed to an aqueous medium.

Abstract: Textured nanostructured surfaces are described which are highly resistant to cell adhesion. Such surfaces on medical implants inhibit fibroblast adhesion particularly on titanium treated silicone. The surfaces can also be engineered so that other cell types, such as endothelial and osteoblast cells, show little if any tendency to attach to the surface in vivo.

Abstract: Carrageenan-immobilized enzymes are prepared that are stable and retain high activity toward substrates when used in substantially water-immiscible organic solvents. The carrageenan-immobilized enzymes are preferably prepared by introducing droplets of an enzyme/carrageenan solution into a chilled alcohol saturated with a potassium salt and hardening the droplets in the alcohol. The alcohol is selected from n-butanol, benzyl alcohol, crotyl alcohol, n-propanol, isopropanol and sec-butanol. Reactions catalyzed by a .kappa.-carrageenan-immobilized esterase include steroselective transesterifications and hydrolysis reactions.