Abstract: A monolithic carbon foam formed of fused onion-like carbon (OLC) nanoparticles, in which the monolithic carbon foam contains interconnected pores, has a volumetric micropore surface area of 200 m2/cc-600 m2/cc, and has an electrical conductivity of 20 s/cm-140 s/cm. Also disclosed are electrodes and energy storage devices constructed therefrom.

Abstract: A method of protecting a magnetic layer of a magnetic recording medium is provided to reduce the thickness of the magnetic spacing while improving corrosion resistance and tribological performance of the magnetic recording medium.

Abstract: A seed layer for inducing nucleation to form a layer of material is described. In an embodiment, the seed layer comprising a layer of two-dimensional monolayer amorphous material having a disordered atomic structure adapted to create localised electronic states to form electric potential wells for bonding adatoms to a surface of the seed layer via van der Waals interaction to form the layer of material, wherein each of the electric potential wells has a potential energy larger in magnitude than surrounding thermal energy to capture adatoms on the surface of the seed layer. Embodiments in relation to a method for forming the seed layer, a heterostructure comprising the seed layer, a method for forming the heterostructure comprising the seed layer, a device comprising the heterostructure and a method of enhancing vdW interaction between adatoms and a surface of the seed layer are also described.

Abstract: Various embodiments may relate to an electrode. The electrode may include an electrode core including an electrode active material. The electrode may also include one or more monolayer amorphous films. Each of the one or more monolayer amorphous films may be a continuous layer surrounding the electrode core.

Abstract: Various embodiments relate to an electronic device including a substrate comprising a semiconductor or polymeric inhibit and a barrier comprising one or more monolayer amorphous films over the substrate, wherein the barrier is configured to or reduce permeation of moisture or gas from environment to the substrate. Various embodiments relate to an electronic device comprising a first device structure including an electrically conductive material, a second device structure including a further electrically conductive material or a semiconductor material, and a barrier including one or more monolayer amorphous films between the first device structure and the second device structure, wherein the barrier is configured to inhibit or reduce interdiffusion between the first device structure and the second device structure.

Abstract: A monolithic carbon foam formed of fused onion-like carbon (OLC) nanoparticles, in which the monolithic carbon foam contains interconnected pores, has a volumetric micropore surface area of 200 m2/cc-600 m2/cc, and has an electrical conductivity of 20 cm- 140 S/cm. Also disclosed are a fractal carbon foam prepared from the monolithic carbon foam, methods of preparing both foams, and supercapacitors constructed therefrom. Specifically, the methods of preparing the foams comprising, inter alia, spark plasma sintering the OLC nanoparticles at a pressure of 30 MPa-1000 MPa and a temperature of 300° C.-800° C. for 2 seconds-30 minutes.

Abstract: A monolithic carbon foam formed of fused onion-like carbon (OLC) nanoparticles, in which the monolithic carbon foam contains interconnected pores, has a volumetric micropore surface area of 200 m2/cc-600 m2/cc, and has an electrical conductivity of 20 s/cm-140 s/cm. Also disclosed are electrodes and energy storage devices constructed therefrom.

Abstract: A method of making an ordered graphene structure includes exposing a substrate to a laser beam to locally melt a portion of the substrate, exposing the substrate to a laser beam in the presence of a carbon source, to form a nucleation site for a graphene crystal, and either a) moving either the substrate or the laser beam relative to the other, or b) decreasing the laser beam power, in order to increase the size of the graphene crystal, thereby forming an ordered graphene structure. The ordered structure can be a plurality of columns, hexagons, or quadrilaterals. Each ordered structure can have a single crystal of graphene. A polymer coating can be formed on the ordered graphene structure to form a coated graphene structure.

Abstract: In accordance with a version of the invention, graphene with a ferroelectric material is used as the transparent electrode material in an electrochromic device. The use of curved and dynamically flexing substrates enables flexible and stretchable applications for electrochromic films. Furthermore, the nonreactive and impermeable nature of graphene increases the durability of the device through increased resistance to external impurities. In addition, the incorporation of ferroelectric materials allows the device to exhibit nonvolatile usage; that is, devices can remain transparent with no external power source. Furthermore, devices may exhibit a charging effect, permitting recovery of energy stored in alignment of ferroelectric dipoles within the ferroelectric material.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods for directing differentiation of stem cells comprising graphene. In additional embodiments, the invention relates to methods for repairing and improving bone tissue functions comprising accelerating differentiation in stem cell growth by exposing stem cells to graphene and transplanting the graphene with the exposed stem cells in the tissue at the site of repair.

Abstract: A version of the invention comprises a device for controlling or interfacing with a computer or other form of communicable machine based on the pyroelectric effect, and includes at least one optically- and infrared- (IR-) transparent graphene electrode.

Abstract: A method of making an ordered crystalline product includes hot pressing amorphous carbon at an elevated temperature and pressure to form an ordered crystalline product.

Abstract: Hot pressing hollow carbon nanoparticles results in a nano-carbon foam that can be used for energy storage, carbon dioxide capture or water desalination.

Abstract: Hot pressing hollow carbon nanoparticles results in a nano-carbon foam that can be used for energy storage, carbon dioxide capture or water desalination.

Abstract: A graphene layer, used as an anti-corrosive protection medium for magnetic media, overcomes the existing problem of reducing the carbon overcoat layer thickness for magnetic media. Unlike the amorphous carbon that is currently used as an anti-corrosion layer, the impenetrability of graphene to all known gaseous substances enables full corrosion protection of the underlying magnetic medium with a layer of graphene that may be, for example, as thin as a single layer of graphene. The dry transfer of graphene onto magnetic recording disks is enabled, such that the resulting interface of the graphene with the magnetic layer is protested from contact with impurities.

Abstract: A version of the invention comprises a device for controlling or interfacing with a computer or other form of communicable machine based on the pyroelectric effect, and includes at least one optically- and infrared- (IR-) transparent graphene electrode.

Abstract: A method of protecting a magnetic layer of a magnetic recording medium is provided to reduce the thickness of the magnetic spacing while improving corrosion resistance and tribological performance of the magnetic recording medium.

Abstract: A method of making an ordered crystalline product includes hot pressing amorphous carbon at an elevated temperature and pressure to form an ordered crystalline product.

Abstract: In accordance with a version of the invention, graphene with a ferroelectric material is used as the transparent electrode material in an electrochromic device. The use of curved and dynamically flexing substrates enables flexible and stretchable applications for electrochromic films. Furthermore, the nonreactive and impermeable nature of graphene increases the durability of the device through increased resistance to external impurities. In addition, the incorporation of ferroelectric materials allows the device to exhibit nonvolatile usage; that is, devices can remain transparent with no external power source. Furthermore, devices may exhibit a charging effect, permitting recovery of energy stored in alignment of ferroelectric dipoles within the ferroelectric material.

Abstract: A method of making an ordered graphene structure includes exposing a substrate to a laser beam to locally melt a portion of the substrate, exposing the substrate to a laser beam in the presence of a carbon source, to form a nucleation site for a graphene crystal, and either a) moving either the substrate or the laser beam relative to the other, or b) decreasing the laser beam power, in order to increase the size of the graphene crystal, thereby forming an ordered graphene structure. The ordered structure can be a plurality of columns, hexagons, or quadrilaterals. Each ordered structure can have a single crystal of graphene. A polymer coating can be formed on the ordered graphene structure to form a coated graphene structure.