Abstract: Method(s), system(s), apparatus are provided for quantum safe quantum streaming between a first endpoint device and second endpoint device via a server of a quantum cloud platform. Splitting, at the first endpoint device, a data item into a plurality of data shards that allow reconstruction of the data item. Encrypting, at the first endpoint device, each of the data shards separately using a first cryptographic key shared between the first endpoint device and the second endpoint device. Establishing, between the first endpoint device and the server, a first plurality of secure channels with the server of the quantum cloud platform using a second cryptographic key, the second cryptographic key shared between the endpoint and the server. Transmitting, from the first endpoint device to the server, the plurality of encrypted shards towards the second endpoint device via the server over the plurality of secure channels.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method of quantum-secure minting and issuing a digital coin by a central bank (CB) using a quantum cloud (QC) platform operable to facilitate an issuing authority (IA), the method includes issuing a command from the CB to the IA to mint a new digital coin, and the command includes: data indicative of a predetermined value of the coin, a unique identifier associated with the coin, and an identifier indicating which endpoint user of the QC platform is to be designated as the owner; in response to receiving the command, signing, by the IA, the coin with an ownership encryption key, wherein the ownership encryption key is known only to the QC platform and the owner; subsequent to signing the coin with the ownership encryption key, signing, by the IA, the coin with an authorising encryption key that is known only to the QC platform and the CB.

Abstract: A method of scheduling encryption key delivery communication sessions in a satellite quantum key distribution system comprising a constellation of one or more satellites and a plurality of user ground stations comprises producing a list of user ground stations requiring encryption keys. For each satellite of the constellation of satellites, determining a region of the earths surface within which the satellite can carry out encryption key delivery communication sessions to user ground stations using a quantum optical communications link during a scheduling period. Obtaining a cloud cover map. Comparing the locations of the listed user ground stations, the determined regions of the earths surface for the constellation of satellites, and the cloud cover map, to identify listed user ground stations to which encryption key delivery can be carried out by the constellation of satellites during the scheduling period.

Abstract: Method(s), system(s), apparatus are provided for storing one or more data item(s) in a quantum-safe (QS) network. The QS network comprising one or more QS server(s) and a repository for storing and accessing said data item(s). Each QS server comprising a hardware security module (HSM) for storing an identical set of quantum distributed (QD) keys. The identical set of QD keys having been distributed to each of said QS server(s) in a quantum-safe manner. The QS server(s) are configured to communicate securely with each other and the repository using one or more available QD keys from the identical set of QD keys. A QS server performs generating a quantum reference (QREF) locator based on input data associated with a data item for storage and an available QD key selected from the set of QD keys, and sending the QREF locator along with the data item encrypted with the available QD key to the repository for storage.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and systems are provided for performing a quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol between a first device, a second device, and an intermediary device. The intermediary device transmitting: a first secret symbol string over a first quantum channel to the first device; a first basis set over a first communication channel to the first device. The intermediary device; a second secret symbol string over a second quantum channel to the second device; a second basis set over a second communication channel to the second device. The intermediary device generating a third symbol string based on combining the first and second secret symbol strings and transmitting to the second device, via the second communication channel, data representative of the third symbol string.

Abstract: A method of encryption key provisioning that includes providing, by a quantum computing safe method, a shared secret data to a device and to a security service; using the provided shared secret data to provide a root key; and using the root key for a sequence of stages, wherein each stage includes an operation which converts a start key into a different generated key, and the same stages are carried out in parallel at the device and at the security service; wherein the root key is used as the start key for a first stage, and a generated key produced by each stage, except for the final stage, is used as a start key for a next stage of the sequence; and wherein the generated keys produced by the last stage of the sequence at the device and at the security service are symmetric keys.

Abstract: A method for performing a key exchange using a quantum key distribution protocol between a first device (D1), a second device (D2), and an intermediary device (ID), wherein: ID receives first symbol set (SS1) over first quantum channel (QC1) transmitted from D1 and sends first receiving basis information (RBI1) to D1 which withholds from ID first transmitting basis information (TBI1); ID transmits second symbol set (SS2) over second quantum channel (QC2) and second transmitting basis information (TBI2) to D2 which withholds from ID second receiving basis information (RBI2); ID generates first (IS1) and second intermediate symbol (IS2) sets based on valid SS1 and SS2; wherein ID generates third intermediate symbol (IS3) set by combining IS1 and IS2 and sends IS3 set to D1 and/or D2; wherein D1 and D2 exchange TBI1 and RBI2 and/or RBI1 and TBI2 to determine a final shared key based on SS1, SS2, and IS3 sets.

Abstract: A system for performing a key exchange using a quantum key distribution protocol between first, second, and intermediary devices, wherein the intermediary device: receives first symbol set over a first quantum channel transmitted from first device and sends first receiving basis information to first device, receives second symbol set over a second quantum channel transmitted from second device and sends second receiving basis information to second device, generates first and second intermediate sets of symbols based on received first and second sets of symbols, generates third intermediate symbol set by combining first and second intermediate sets and sends third intermediate set to first and/or second device, whereby first and second devices perform the key exchange by exchanging with themselves first and second transmitting basis information and/or first and second receiving basis information to determine a final shared key based on first, second, and third intermediate symbol sets.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method of secure quantum safe (QS) payments using a quantum cloud payment platform, the method, performed by the quantum cloud payment platform, comprising: receiving one or more quantum safe deposit payment transactions from one or more endpoint devices of one or more registered users, each QS deposit payment transaction of a user comprising data representative of a deposit fiat cash value; transferring each of the deposit fiat cash values from a bank account associated with a user and linked to the QS payment account of the user to a quantum cloud account for pooling each of the deposit fiat cash values; for each deposit fiat cash value transferred in relation to a user of an endpoint device, performing: converting said each deposit fiat cash value to a corresponding number of quantum money tokens; linking said number of quantum money tokens to the QS payment account of the user; and sending said number of quantum money tokens to the endpoint device of the user for updating an electro

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and systems are provided for performing a secure communication between a sender device and receiver device. This includes encapsulating or encrypting, by the sender device, a message using a post-quantum cryptographic algorithm and quantum key (QK) material derived from QK distribution with a receiver device. Noise is added, by the sender device, to the encapsulated or encrypted message. The sender device sends the noisy encapsulated/encrypted message to the receiver device. On receipt of the noisy encapsulated or encrypted message from the sender device, the receiver device decapsulates or decrypts the received message using corresponding QK used by the sender device. The receiver device decapsulates or decrypts the QK decapsulated/decrypted message using the corresponding post-quantum cryptographic algorithm used by the sender, and the receiver device outputs or uses the message sent by the sender.

Abstract: Method(s), system(s), apparatus are provided for quantum safe quantum streaming between a first endpoint device and second endpoint device via a server of a quantum cloud platform. Splitting, at the first endpoint device, a data item into a plurality of data shards that allow reconstruction of the data item. Encrypting, at the first endpoint device, each of the data shards separately using a first cryptographic key shared between the first endpoint device and the second endpoint device. Establishing, between the first endpoint device and the server, a first plurality of secure channels with the server of the quantum cloud platform using a second cryptographic key, the second cryptographic key shared between the endpoint and the server. Transmitting, from the first endpoint device to the server, the plurality of encrypted shards towards the second endpoint device via the server over the plurality of secure channels.

Abstract: Method(s), system(s), apparatus are provided for storing one or more data item(s) in a quantum-safe (QS) network. The QS network comprising one or more QS server(s) and a repository for storing and accessing said data item(s). Each QS server comprising a hardware security module (HSM) for storing an identical set of quantum distributed (QD) keys. The identical set of QD keys having been distributed to each of said QS server(s) in a quantum-safe manner. The QS server(s) are configured to communicate securely with each other and the repository using one or more available QD keys from the identical set of QD keys. A QS server performs generating a quantum reference (QREF) locator based on input data associated with a data item for storage and an available QD key selected from the set of QD keys, and sending the QREF locator along with the data item encrypted with the available QD key to the repository for storage.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and systems are provided for performing a quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol between a first device, a second device, and an intermediary device. The intermediary device transmitting: a first secret symbol string over a first quantum channel to the first device; a first basis set over a first communication channel to the first device. The intermediary device; a second secret symbol string over a second quantum channel to the second device; a second basis set over a second communication channel to the second device. The intermediary device generating a third symbol string based on combining the first and second secret symbol strings and transmitting to the second device, via the second communication channel, data representative of the third symbol string.

Abstract: A method of scheduling and managing key data in a satellite quantum key distribution system comprising a constellation of one or more satellites and a plurality of user ground stations.

Abstract: A method of scheduling encryption key delivery communication sessions in a satellite quantum key distribution system comprising a constellation of one or more satellites and a plurality of user ground stations comprises producing a list of user ground stations requiring encryption keys. For each satellite of the constellation of satellites, determining a region of the earths surface within which the satellite can carry out encryption key delivery communication sessions to user ground stations using a quantum optical communications link during a scheduling period. Obtaining a cloud cover map. Comparing the locations of the listed user ground stations, the determined regions of the earths surface for the constellation of satellites, and the cloud cover map, to identify listed user ground stations to which encryption key delivery can be carried out by the constellation of satellites during the scheduling period.