Abstract: Embodiments of the invention include a self-sanitizing structure and method of forming the same, where the self-sanitizing structure includes a body having a contact surface that can be contacted by a person, along with an energy source formed as an array of addressable energy sources. The energy source generates electromagnetic radiation and directs the electromagnetic radiation through the body to the contact surface. The body scatters the electromagnetic radiation and passes it through the body to the contact surface in a manner that maintains the scattered electromagnetic radiation that reaches the contact surface as sanitizing electromagnetic radiation at or above a minimum irradiance level that neutralizes infectious agents. A sensor system generates touch data in response to the contact surface being touched, and a controller uses the touch data to control the addressable energy sources.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed to a self-sanitizing structure that includes a body having a contact surface that can be contacted by a person, along with an energy source formed as an array of addressable energy sources. The energy source generates electromagnetic radiation and direct the electromagnetic radiation through the body to the contact surface. A sensor system is coupled to the contact surface, and a controller is coupled to the energy source and the sensor system. The body scatters the electromagnetic radiation and passes it through the body to the contact surface in a manner that maintains the scattered electromagnetic radiation that reaches the contact surface as sanitizing electromagnetic radiation at or above a minimum irradiance level that neutralizes infectious agents. The sensor system generates touch data in response to the contact surface being touched, and the controller uses the touch data to control the addressable energy sources.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed to a method of forming a self-sanitizing structure. The method includes forming a body region that includes scattering elements in a host composite material. The body region further includes a contact surface that can be contacted by a person during an intended use of the self-sanitizing structure. The method further includes forming an energy source configured to generate electromagnetic radiation and direct the electromagnetic radiation through the body region to the contact surface. Forming the body region further includes configuring the body region to scatter the electromagnetic radiation and pass the scattered electromagnetic radiation through the body region to the contact surface in a manner that maintains the scattered electromagnetic radiation that reaches the contact surface as sanitizing electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed to a self-sanitizing structure that includes a body region having a contact surface that can be contacted by a person during an intended use of the self-sanitizing structure. The self-sanitizing structure further includes an energy source configured to generate electromagnetic radiation and direct the electromagnetic radiation through the body region to the contact surface. The body region is configured to scatter the electromagnetic radiation and pass the scattered electromagnetic radiation to the contact surface in a manner that maintains the scattered electromagnetic radiation that reaches the contact surface as sanitizing electromagnetic radiation. The sanitizing electromagnetic radiation is electromagnetic radiation that is at or above a minimum irradiance level that neutralizes infectious agents.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention include a self-sanitizing structure and method of forming the same, where the self-sanitizing structure includes a body having a contact surface that can be contacted by a person, along with an energy source formed as an array of addressable energy sources. The energy source generates electromagnetic radiation and directs the electromagnetic radiation through the body to the contact surface. The body scatters the electromagnetic radiation and passes it through the body to the contact surface in a manner that maintains the scattered electromagnetic radiation that reaches the contact surface as sanitizing electromagnetic radiation at or above a minimum irradiance level that neutralizes infectious agents. A sensor system generates touch data in response to the contact surface being touched, and a controller uses the touch data to control the addressable energy sources.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed to a self-sanitizing structure that includes a body having a contact surface that can be contacted by a person, along with an energy source formed as an array of addressable energy sources. The energy source generates electromagnetic radiation and direct the electromagnetic radiation through the body to the contact surface. A sensor system is coupled to the contact surface, and a controller is coupled to the energy source and the sensor system. The body scatters the electromagnetic radiation and passes it through the body to the contact surface in a manner that maintains the scattered electromagnetic radiation that reaches the contact surface as sanitizing electromagnetic radiation at or above a minimum irradiance level that neutralizes infectious agents. The sensor system generates touch data in response to the contact surface being touched, and the controller uses the touch data to control the addressable energy sources.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed to a self-sanitizing structure that includes a body region having a contact surface that can be contacted by a person during an intended use of the self-sanitizing structure. The self-sanitizing structure further includes an energy source configured to generate electromagnetic radiation and direct the electromagnetic radiation through the body region to the contact surface. The body region is configured to scatter the electromagnetic radiation and pass the scattered electromagnetic radiation to the contact surface in a manner that maintains the scattered electromagnetic radiation that reaches the contact surface as sanitizing electromagnetic radiation. The sanitizing electromagnetic radiation is electromagnetic radiation that is at or above a minimum irradiance level that neutralizes infectious agents.

Abstract: A wall assembly comprises a first sidewall, a second sidewall and a rear wall, wherein a plurality of non-porous tiles are affixed to the first sidewall, the second sidewall and the rear wall of the wall assembly. Each first sidewall tile, second sidewall tile, and rear wall tile extends the full length of one dimension of the first sidewall, the second sidewall, and the rear wall, respectively. Both upper and lower edges of the first sidewall tiles, second sidewall tiles, and rear wall tiles comprise a chamfer optionally terminating short of a first end and a second end of the first and second sidewall tiles and rear wall tiles. The rear wall tiles comprise a dado located at each end of the rear wall tile that provides a hidden connection with the first and second sidewall tiles. The first and second sidewall tiles and the rear wall tiles are of a synthetic or natural material.

Abstract: A wall assembly comprises a first sidewall, a second sidewall and a rear wall, wherein a plurality of non-porous tiles are affixed to the first sidewall, the second sidewall and the rear wall of the wall assembly. Each first sidewall tile, second sidewall tile, and rear wall tile extends the full length of one dimension of the first sidewall, the second sidewall, and the rear wall, respectively. Both upper and lower edges of the first sidewall tiles, second sidewall tiles, and rear wall tiles comprise a chamfer optionally terminating short of a first end and a second end of the first and second sidewall tiles and rear wall tiles. The rear wall tiles comprise a dado located at each end of the rear wall tile that provides a hidden connection with the first and second sidewall tiles. The first and second sidewall tiles and the rear wall tiles are of a synthetic or natural material.

Abstract: A fastening system for attaching cladding panels to a carrier panel and allowing for differential thermal expansion. The system fastens the two panels together at points in the direction perpendicular to the panel planes. A combination of different carrier panel hole sizes and slots fix the panels together at one point and allow the panels to expand and contract relative to each other while maintaining rectangular alignment. Wall panels and buildings constructed using the fastener are disclosed.

Abstract: A fastening system for attaching cladding panels to a carrier panel and allowing for differential thermal expansion. The system fastens the two panels together at points in the direction perpendicular to the panel planes. A combination of different carrier panel hole sizes and slots fix the panels together at one point and allow the panels to expand and contract relative to each other while maintaining rectangular alignment. Wall panels and buildings constructed using the fastener are disclosed.

Abstract: A building panel having improved shiplap joints to provide complete coverage with while providing for panel expansion and contraction. The building panel includes an overlap adapted to overlie a back portion of the backface of one or more panels laid up in the next higher course. Alternate corners of the building panels have centerlaps portions formed at a plane central to the thickness of the building panel that fit between the space defined by the front overlap and the backunderlap. The centerlaps mate to fill gaps that would otherwise open when the building panels expand and contract.

Abstract: A fastening system for attaching cladding panels to a carrier panel and allowing for differential thermal expansion. The system fastens the two panels together at points in the direction perpendicular to the panel planes. A combination of different carrier panel hole sizes and slots fix the panels together at one point and allow the panels to expand and contract relative to each other while maintaining rectangular alignment. Wall panels and buildings constructed using the fastener are disclosed.

Abstract: A fastening system for attaching cladding panels to a carrier panel and allowing for differential thermal expansion. The system fastens the two panels together at points in the direction perpendicular to the panel planes. A combination of different carrier panel hole sizes and slots fix the panels together at one point and allow the panels to expand and contract relative to each other while maintaining rectangular alignment. Wall panels and buildings constructed using the fastener are disclosed.

Abstract: A fastening system for attaching cladding panels to a carrier panel and allowing for differential thermal expansion. The system fastens the two panels together at points in the direction perpendicular to the panel planes. A combination of different carrier panel hole sizes and slots fix the panels together at one point and allow the panels to expand and contract relative to each other while maintaining rectangular alignment. Wall panels and buildings constructed using the fastener are disclosed.

Abstract: A fastening system for attaching cladding panels to a carrier panel and allowing for differential thermal expansion. The system fastens the two panels together at points in the direction perpendicular to the panel planes. A combination of different carrier panel hole sizes and slots fix the panels together at one point and allow the panels to expand and contract relative to each other while maintaining rectangular alignment. Wall panels and buildings constructed using the fastener are disclosed.

Abstract: A decorative thermoset material having three-dimensional geometric patterns which extend inwardly from a surface of the material and process of formation.