Abstract: A manually-written, machine-readable code system employs the application of indicia to an article, such as a mail envelope or package, having a number of rows/columns of blank spaces in a predetermined code field which are manually marked or darkened corresponding to a destination or identifying code for the article. The indicia may have been applied previously, as in the form of a preprinted envelope. The darkened spaces are machine-readable and convertible to a numeric code that can be used by an automated machinery to generate appropriate control signals for controlling its functions. The system is particularly applicable for automated sorting of mail according to postal area (Zip) codes. The indicia is readily applied to an envelope by preprinting or by using a rubber stamp or an adhesive label.

Abstract: A bar code conversion device for automatically converting the decimal digits of a selected postal ZIP Code into the corresponding POSTNET bar code has a first set of digit wheels with faces for the decimal digits, a second set of bar code wheels with faces for the bar code segments corresponding to the decimal digits, and a set of linkages coupling each pair of associated digit and bar code wheels so that they can be rotated to selected digit positions of a ZIP Code in tandem. In the mechanical embodiment, the device is a hand stamp for stamping the bar code segment faces on an article. An electromechanical version has input digit wheels and an output printer. An electronic version has an input keypad and an output printer. The bar code is applied on an article for mailing, and is optically readable by the United States Postal Service's bar code readers.