Abstract: Identifying words to accurately describe, with a range of specificity, an image is provided. A vector space corresponding to the image is generated using a convolutional neural network to extract a hierarchy of features ranging from broad to specific from the image. Closest vocabulary ranging from broad to specific are identified for the image using Huffman coding on the vector space. Accurate words ranging from broad to specific are identified that describe the image based on vocabulary output of the Huffman coding on the vector space. The accurate words ranging from broad to specific describing the image are output.

Abstract: A microservices-management system intercepts a request for a cloud-based microservice sent by a microservices-architecture application. The system selects an optimal cloud-service provider from a group of candidate providers capable of delivering the microservice and then forwards the request to the optimal provider. The optimal provider is selected by drawing cognitive inferences from stored blockchain records that each describe a characteristic of a previous delivery of the requested service. Each record is generated by one of the candidate providers when delivering an instance of the microservice, regardless of whether the provider is in a trusted relationship with the application owner. The providers are barred by blockchain's intrinsic security features from altering or deleting previously stored blockchain records. Upon delivery of the service, the system compares the actual quality or cost of the delivery with predicted values in order to learn how to more effectively select optimal providers.

Abstract: A microservices-management system intercepts a request for a cloud-based microservice sent by a microservices-architecture application. The system selects an optimal cloud-service provider from a group of candidate providers capable of delivering the microservice and then forwards the request to the optimal provider. The optimal provider is selected by drawing cognitive inferences from stored blockchain records that each describe a characteristic of a previous delivery of the requested service. Each record is generated by one of the candidate providers when delivering an instance of the microservice, regardless of whether the provider is in a trusted relationship with the application owner. The providers are barred by blockchain's intrinsic security features from altering or deleting previously stored blockchain records. Upon delivery of the service, the system compares the actual quality or cost of the delivery with predicted values in order to learn how to more effectively select optimal providers.

Abstract: In capturing software element state changes during software application runtime, a computing device executes a software application that a set of software sensors integrated within executable code of the software application. The software sensors correspond to software elements in the software application. During runtime, a given software sensor corresponding to a given software element continuously determines whether the given software element changes state. In response to a change in state, the given software sensor captures and stores the current state of the given software element. An application control module associated with the software application obtains state data stored by the software sensors. The application control module determines commands for modifying a behavior of the software application based on an analysis of the state data and executes the commands.

Abstract: In capturing software element state changes during software application runtime, a computing device executes a software application that a set of software sensors integrated within executable code of the software application. The software sensors correspond to software elements in the software application. During runtime, a given software sensor corresponding to a given software element continuously determines whether the given software element changes state. In response to a change in state, the given software sensor captures and stores the current state of the given software element. An application control module associated with the software application obtains state data stored by the software sensors. The application control module determines commands for modifying a behavior of the software application based on an analysis of the state data and executes the commands.

Abstract: Aspects predict an amount of cryptocurrency activity that is likely attributed to a vendor within blockchain data of the cryptocurrency as a function of an amount of market activity by the vendor in a conventional currency and an exchange rate between the cryptocurrency and a conventional currency; determine an amount of cryptocurrency activity attributed to the vendor within the cryptocurrency blockchain data; and determine a risk weighting for the cryptocurrency in proportion to a difference between the predicted amount of cryptocurrency activity and the determined amount of cryptocurrency activity attributed to the vendor.

Abstract: Identifying words to accurately describe, with a range of specificity, an image is provided. A vector space corresponding to the image is generated using a convolutional neural network to extract a hierarchy of features ranging from broad to specific from the image. Closest vocabulary ranging from broad to specific are identified for the image using Huffman coding on the vector space. Accurate words ranging from broad to specific are identified that describe the image based on vocabulary output of the Huffman coding on the vector space. The accurate words ranging from broad to specific describing the image are output.

Abstract: A dynamic ‘vehicle grid’ system provides the ability for drivers to be automatically warned to the conditions of other vehicles in the vicinity. In this grid system, a motor vehicle would be equipped with a transmitter, receiver, computer and a selection of sensors. Other adjacent vehicles are also contain the same of equipment for transmitting and receiving signals. When the sensors in a vehicle detect a change such as hard braking (rapid deceleration) or very slow speed (blockages), it automatically sends this information via the transmitter over a wireless communication channel to any other receivers in the vicinity.

Abstract: A dynamic ‘vehicle grid’ system provides the ability for drivers to be automatically warned to the conditions of other vehicles in the vicinity. In this grid system, a motor vehicle would be equipped with a transmitter, receiver, computer and a selection of sensors. Other adjacent vehicles are also contain the same of equipment for transmitting and receiving signals. When the sensors in a vehicle detect a change such as hard braking (rapid deceleration) or very slow speed (blockages), it automatically sends this information via the transmitter over a wireless communication channel to any other receivers in the vicinity.

Abstract: A method and implementing computer system are provided in which users are enabled to provide spontaneous routing and driving condition information to a data base which is made available to other drivers on a real-time basis. Users are also enabled to define new routes between travel points and upload new route information for access by other users of the system. In an exemplary embodiment, wireless communication techniques are implemented to transfer data from a GPS device in an automobile to a data base on a central server to provide other users of the system who have access to the data base with the current status of dynamic driving conditions.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, radio frequency identification (RFID) and short message service center (SMS), or follow-on technology, e.g., Mobile Multimedia Services (MMS) technology is implemented to support an identification and messaging system. A social services server tracks a user's location with a RFID or GPS or similar system and also acquires locations for user-selected contacts which are made available to the system. When a system user is near a user-selected contact or individual within a selected group that the user wants to meet, a message or other alert, such as an SMS message, is automatically sent to the user's cellular telephone or other communications device, telling the user that the selected contact is nearby.

Abstract: A dynamic ‘vehicle grid’ system provides the ability for drivers to be automatically warned to the conditions of other vehicles in the vicinity. In this grid system, a motor vehicle would be equipped with a transmitter, receiver, computer and a selection of sensors. Other adjacent vehicles are also contain the same of equipment for transmitting and receiving signals. When the sensors in a vehicle detect a change such as hard braking (rapid deceleration) or very slow speed (blockages), it automatically sends this information via the transmitter over a wireless communication channel to any other receivers in the vicinity.

Abstract: A method and system are provided in which average vehicle speeds of tolled and non-tolled road segments between two locations are monitored and saved for reference in providing dynamic adjustment of the toll amount to be charged for use of the tolled segment in order to insure an efficient use of the tolled segment and a determination of an appropriate toll amount to be charged drivers in the tolled segment in view of real time traffic conditions of the tolled and the non-tolled segment. The toll adjustments are determined based upon the difference between actual average speeds of the tolled segment and actual average speeds of the non-tolled segment such that the toll adjustments are dynamic and depend upon real time traffic conditions in both the tolled and non-tolled segments of the travel route.

Abstract: A data processing system and a computer implemented method is provided for adjusting the transparency of a display screen based on detecting motion in an area obscured by the display screen. When a motion is detected in the area obscured by the display screen, the transparency of the display screen is adjusted so that the motion is visible through the display screen simultaneously with any data being displayed on the display screen. The transparency may be adjusted depending on the location of the motion, pattern of the motion or both. Patterns of motions may be pre-defined to correspond with specific actions relating to the transparency of the display screen. Furthermore, depending on the location or pattern of the motion, one or more areas of the screen may be adjusted for transparency.

Abstract: A method and system are provided in which a display screen of an electronic device such as a laptop computer is double-hinged to a base or keyboard unit in such a manner as to allow the display screen to be opened while the bottom portion of the display screen is free to rotate toward a user to enable the user to view the display screen when little or no space is available at the rear of the display screen. A double-hinged arrangement including an extendable coupling is provided at the sides of the laptop such that there is access to the keyboard when the display screen is rotated upwardly and the bottom of the display screen is moved toward the user.

Abstract: A method and system are provided in which a display screen of an electronic device such as a laptop computer is double-hinged to a base or keyboard unit in such a manner as to allow the display screen to be opened while the bottom portion of the display screen is free to rotate toward a user to enable the user to view the display screen when little or no space is available at the rear of the display screen. A double-hinged arrangement including an extendable coupling is provided at the sides of the laptop such that there is access to the keyboard when the display screen is rotated upwardly and the bottom of the display screen is moved toward the user.

Abstract: A method and system are provided in which average vehicle speeds of tolled and non-tolled road segments between two locations are monitored and saved for reference in providing dynamic adjustment of the toll amount to be charged for use of the tolled segment in order to insure an efficient use of the tolled segment and a determination of an appropriate toll amount to be charged drivers in the tolled segment in view of real time traffic conditions of the tolled and the non-tolled segment. The toll adjustments are determined based upon the difference between actual average speeds of the tolled segment and actual average speeds of the non-tolled segment such that the toll adjustments are dynamic and depend upon real time traffic conditions in both the tolled and non-tolled segments of the travel route.

Abstract: A method and system are provided in which average vehicle speeds of tolled and non-tolled road segments between two locations are monitored and saved for reference in providing dynamic adjustment of the toll amount to be charged for use of the tolled segment in order to insure an efficient use of the tolled segment and a determination of an appropriate toll amount to be charged drivers in the tolled segment in view of real time traffic conditions of the tolled and the non-tolled segment. The toll adjustments are determined based upon the difference between actual average speeds of the tolled segment and actual average speeds of the non-tolled segment such that the toll adjustments are dynamic and depend upon real time traffic conditions in both the tolled and non-tolled segments of the travel route.