Abstract: A lid speculum that operates in an anatomically correct manner. The speculum has a first blade and a second blade that can pivot about an axis of rotation. The speculum is constructed so that the axis of rotation is essentially parallel with and posterior to a line that intersects a medial canthi and lateral canthi of an eye. With such an arrangement the blades will move in a radial manner that corresponds to the shape of the globe. This movement tends to lessen kinked pressure points in the eyelid.

Abstract: An ultrasonically driven phaco tip and an interocular procedure for emulsifying a lense of an eye. The tip includes a flat distal end which has a pair of adjacent shoulders. The flat end creates a more efficient cutting surface. The shoulders provide a relatively large surface area that focuses ultrasonic pressure waves into the bubbles of an irrigation fluid that surrounds the tip. The focused pressure waves induce cavitation within the fluid and emulsification of the lense tissue. A lense may be emulsified by inserting the phaco tip into the anterior chamber of an eye and sculpting a bowl in the center of the lense. The tip is then rotated to a vertical position and used to cut a groove in the lense. The groove may be widen by another pass of the phaco tip so that the tip and a splitting instrument can be inserted into the widen groove. The tip and instrument are then pulled in opposite directions to crack the lense.