Abstract: A hair coloring composition comprises a N,N?-alkylurea, a hair dye, and a solvent.

Abstract: Hair care compositions are provided in which a silicone oil is dispersed in water by the action of a diquaternary polydimethylsiloxane. Polyvinylpyrrolidone may be included as a co-dispersant/stabilizer. The dispersed silicone oil combination is useful in hair conditioner formulations.

Abstract: An improved permanent waving process is disclosed. The improved waving process produces hair styles characterized as bouncier, more full bodied with an open/looser pattern of curls. Furthermore, the waving process of the invention provides for improved humectant properties that results in significantly less maintenance than is typically required when conventional waving processes are used. This waving process is a step-by-step procedure involving the addition of a rearranger, a wrapping lotion, and a neutralizer, in combination with intermittent rinsing. The improved quality and settability of the hair is believed to be attributable to a synergistic effect of an improved rearranging composition and an improved wrapping lotion. The rearranging composition comprises a homogenous mixture of a salt of thioglycolic acid and a homopolymer of methyacrylamidopropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (MAPTAC).

Abstract: An improved wrapping lotion and permanent waving process is disclosed. The improved waving process produces hair styles characterized as bouncier, more full bodied with an open/looser pattern of curls. The waving process is a step-by-step procedure involving the addition of a rearranger, a wrapping lotion, and a neutralizer, with intermittent rinsing between. The improved quality and setability of the hair is believed attributable to the improved wrapping lotion composition that comprises a homogenous mixture of a guar component and a salt of thioglycolic acid. A preferred wrapping lotion composition includes between about 0.2 and about 2.5% by weight of a nonionic hydroxypropylated guar and between about 0.3 and about 7.0% ammonium thioglycolate. The wrapping lotion composition should also be pH adjusted to between about 7.0 and about 10.5 and have a viscosity in the range from about 500 cps to about 12,000 cps.

Abstract: An improved rearranging composition and permanent waving process is disclosed. The improved waving process produces hair that is characterized as thicker, more full bodied with improved humectant properties and requiring significantly less maintenance than is typically required when conventional waving processes are used. The waving process is a step by step procedure involving the addition of a rearranger, a wrapping lotion, and a neutralizer, in combination with intermittent rinsing. The improved quality and settability of the hair is believed to be attributable to the improved rearranging composition. The rearranging composition comprises a homogeneous mixture of a salt of thioglycolic acid and a homopolymer of methylacrylamidopropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (MAPTAC). A preferred rearranging composition includes a weight ratio of ammonium thioglycolate to monoethanolamine thioglycolate of from about 4:6 to about 7:3 and between about 1.0 to about 3.0% by weight of a cationic homopolymer of MAPTAC.

Abstract: A drive circuit for a three-phase induction motor comprises an inverter bridge consisting of six bridge switches, and a logic speed controller which controls switching of the inverter bridge in dependence on the motor current as sensed by a total current sense resistor. The speed controller is arranged to switch the bridge switches so as to supply alternating current to each phase of the motor at a fundamental frequency which may be varied in accordacne with the required motor speed. However, additionally, at least during low speed operation, the speed controller switches at least three of the bridge switches at high frequency during each cycle of the fundamental frequency switching. In this case the switching points are not predetermined but rather occur when the current as sensed by the resistor reaches a preset limit for switch turn-off and when the current falls to a specified point for turn-on. Such a circuit can be realized simply and enables the motor to be driven at a range of speeds.

Abstract: The drive circuit has a pair of windings associated with each phase of the motor, with the windings of each pair being connected in antiphase. The circuit comprises a d.c. supply, respective semiconductor switches in series with each motor winding for supplying current from the supply to the associated winding in only one direction, and frequency control circuitry for switching the switches on and off so as to cause the windings of each winding pair to conduct current alternately and in opposite directions at a frequency which may be varied so as to vary the speed of the motor. In this arrangement there is no possibility of a short circuit path occurring which does not incorporate one of the motor windings, so that the rate of rise of fault current is finite and over-current detection circuitry can be used to turn off the switches or operate a crowbar.

Abstract: In order to provide rapid turn-off of a transistor (or thyristor) having its emitter (or cathode) at a floating potential, on drive is removed from the base of the transistor T1 and almost simultaneously a switch SW1 is closed. This causes a proportion of the current which flows through a capacitor C on turn-off of the transistor T1 to flow through a resistor R1 by way of the base of the transistor T1, thus providing a reverse base current which rapidly turns-off the transistor T1. In a practical implementation of this circuit the switching device is a transistor T.sub.off and the circuit employs a self-timing approach in which removal of an "on" control signal from the gate of a field-effect transistor T7 automatically actuates the reverse current drive.