Abstract: The invention deals with the separation of homogeneous catalysts from reaction mixtures with the help of organophilic nanofiltration. It is based on the object of indicating an option as to how organophilic nanofiltration can be used economically for separating off homogeneous catalysts from reaction mixtures if the separation-active material of the membrane satisfying the separation aim is not available in sufficiently large amounts or only at high cost. This object is achieved by taking into consideration a particular membrane performance indicator during the design and/or the execution of the corresponding membrane separation process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing alcohols by homogeneously catalyzed hydroformylation of olefins to aldehydes and subsequent hydration of the aldehydes. The invention further relates to a system for carrying out the method. The main focus is on the separation technique for work-up of the hydroformylation mixture. The problem addressed by the invention is that specifying a work-up method for hydroformylation mixtures that utilizes the specific advantages of known separation technologies but at the same time largely avoids the specific disadvantages of said separation technologies. The most important objective is to create a catalyst separation system that is as complete and at the same time conservative as possible and that operates in a technically reliable manner and entails low investment and operating costs. The method should be unrestrictedly suitable for processing the reaction output from oxo systems in “world scale” format.

Abstract: The catalytic preparation of an aldehyde from an olefin proceeds in the presence of a monophosphite mixture.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for separating a composition of matter with the aid of a membrane cascade having at least two stages, in which a separation is effected in each stage at at least one membrane at a separation temperature set for the particular stage. The invention further relates to a corresponding membrane cascade, to the use of said membrane cascade for catalyst separation from homogeneously catalyzed mixtures, and to a process for hydroformylation, in which the catalyst is separated by means of a membrane cascade. The problem addressed thereby is that of specifying a membrane-based process for separating compositions of matter, which has a minimum membrane area requirement and nevertheless fulfills the separation task and separation performance required. This problem is solved by the use of a membrane cascade with falling separation temperature.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for the continuous homogeneous catalytic reaction of a liquid with a gas and optionally a further fluid, wherein the device comprises at least one jet loop reactor having an external liquid circuit driven by at least one pump, and wherein the device has at least one membrane separation unit, preferably retaining the homogeneous catalyst, which membrane separation unit is arranged in the external liquid circuit of the jet loop reactor. The object thereof is to reduce the costs of the device. This is achieved by providing an additional apparatus, namely a gas separator, which is arranged in the external liquid circuit of the jet loop reactor and is installed for separating off gas from the external liquid circuit and feeding it back into the jet loop reactor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for the continuous homogeneous catalytic reaction of a liquid with a gas and optionally a further fluid, wherein the device comprises at least one jet loop reactor having an external liquid circuit driven by at least one pump, and wherein the device has at least one membrane separation unit, preferably retaining the homogeneous catalyst, which membrane separation unit is arranged in the external liquid circuit of the jet loop reactor. The object thereof is to reduce the costs of the device. This is achieved by providing an additional apparatus, namely a gas separator, which is arranged in the external liquid circuit of the jet loop reactor and is installed for separating off gas from the external liquid circuit and feeding it back into the jet loop reactor.

Abstract: The invention deals with the separation of homogeneous catalysts from reaction mixtures with the help of organophilic nanofiltration. It is based on the object of indicating an option as to how organophilic nanofiltration can be used economically for separating off homogeneous catalysts from reaction mixtures if the separation-active material of the membrane satisfying the separation aim is not available in sufficiently large amounts or only at high cost. This object is achieved by taking into consideration a particular membrane performance indicator during the design and/or the execution of the corresponding membrane separation process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for the continuous, homogeneous-catalysis reaction of a liquid with a gas and optionally an additional fluid, wherein the device comprises at least one reactor having an external liquid circulation driven by a pump, and wherein the device has at least one membrane separation stage that preferably holds back the homogeneous catalyst. The aim of the invention is to specify a device that allows homogeneous-catalysis gas/liquid phase reactions, in particular hydroformylations, which operate with membrane separation of the catalyst to be performed economically at an industrially relevant scale. Said aim is achieved in that a jet loop reactor is provided as the reactor, and that the pump and the membrane separation stage are arranged in the same external liquid circuit.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for separating a composition of matter with the aid of a membrane cascade having at least two stages, in which a separation is effected in each stage at at least one membrane at a separation temperature set for the particular stage. The invention further relates to a corresponding membrane cascade, to the use of said membrane cascade for catalyst separation from homogeneously catalysed mixtures, and to a process for hydroformylation, in which the catalyst is separated by means of a membrane cascade. The problem addressed thereby is that of specifying a membrane-based process for separating compositions of matter, which has a minimum membrane area requirement and nevertheless fulfils the separation task and separation performance required. This problem is solved by the use of a membrane cascade with falling separation temperature.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a product mixture (2) by means of the technical hydroformylation of a hydrocarbon stream (1) that contains isobutene, and for separating the product mixture (2) that is obtained, as well as to a device for the claimed method and to the use of a claimed device. The problem addressed thereby is that of providing a method and an associated device that allow the amount of high-boiling substances in the product mixture (2) to be kept as low as possible and thus the yield of the reaction to be increased. The problem is solved by the use of a nano-filtration device (M) for separating the catalyst from the product mixture (2), said device having especially high permeability to 3-methylbutanoic acid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for separating a homogeneous catalyst out of a reaction mixture by means of at least one membrane separation unit, in which method: the reaction mixture coming from a reaction zone and containing the homogeneous catalyst is applied as a feed to the membrane separation unit; the homogeneous catalyst is depleted in the permeate of the membrane separation unit and enriched in the retentate of the membrane separation unit; and the retentate of the membrane separation unit is recirculated into the reaction zone. The invention addresses the problem of specifying a method for separating homogeneous catalyst out of reaction mixtures that simplifies the feeding of fresh catalyst into the reaction zone and avoids disruptions to the hydrodynamics within the reaction zone when the volumetric flow of the reaction mixture output from the reaction zone varies.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing aldehydes having five carbon atoms, in which an input mixture containing 10% by weight to 50% by weight of linear butenes and less than 5% by weight of 1-butene is hydroformylated with synthesis gas in the presence of a catalyst system comprising rhodium and at least one bisphosphite ligand, wherein the hydroformylation is effected in a reactor from which, over an operating period, a cycle gas containing at least a portion of the products and unconverted reactants from the hydroformylation is continuously drawn off and partly condensed, and uncondensed components of the cycle gas are recycled into the reactor, and wherein, after the operating period has expired, the hydroformylation is stopped, the reactor is freed of reaction residues and the hydroformylation is restarted. It is based on the problem of making such a process more economically viable.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing alcohols by homogeneously catalysed hydroformylation of olefins to aldehydes and subsequent hydration of the aldehydes. The invention further relates to a system for carrying out the method. The main focus is on the separation technique for work-up of the hydroformylation mixture. The problem addressed by the invention is that specifying a work-up method for hydroformylation mixtures that utilises the specific advantages of known separation technologies but at the same time largely avoids the specific disadvantages of said separation technologies. The most important objective is to create a catalyst separation system that is as complete and at the same time conservative as possible and that operates in a technically reliable manner and entails low investment and operating costs. The method should be unrestrictedly suitable for processing the reaction output from oxo systems in “world scale” format.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for the continuous, homogeneous-catalysis reaction of a liquid with a gas and optionally an additional fluid, wherein the device comprises at least one reactor having an external liquid circulation driven by a pump, and wherein the device has at least one membrane separation stage that preferably holds back the homogeneous catalyst. The aim of the invention is to specify a device that allows homogeneous-catalysis gas/liquid phase reactions, in particular hydroformylations, which operate with membrane separation of the catalyst to be performed economically at an industrially relevant scale. Said aim is achieved in that a jet loop reactor is provided as the reactor, and that the pump and the membrane separation stage are arranged in the same external liquid circuit.

Abstract: The catalytic preparation of an aldehyde from an olefin proceeds in the presence of a monophosphite mixture.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for the continuous, homogeneous-catalysis reaction of a liquid with a gas and optionally an additional fluid, wherein the device comprises at least one reactor having an external liquid circulation driven by a pump, and wherein the device has at least one membrane separation stage that preferably holds back the homogeneous catalyst. The aim of the invention is to specify a device that allows homogeneous-catalysis gas/liquid phase reactions, in particular hydroformylations, which operate with membrane separation of the catalyst to be performed economically at an industrially relevant scale. Said aim is achieved in that a jet loop reactor is provided as the reactor, and that the pump and the membrane separation stage are arranged in the same external liquid circuit.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing aldehydes having five carbon atoms, in which an input mixture containing 10% by weight to 50% by weight of linear butenes and less than 5% by weight of 1-butene is hydroformylated with synthesis gas in the presence of a catalyst system comprising rhodium and at least one bisphosphite ligand, wherein the hydroformylation is effected in a reactor from which, over an operating period, a cycle gas containing at least a portion of the products and unconverted reactants from the hydroformylation is continuously drawn off and partly condensed, and uncondensed components of the cycle gas are recycled into the reactor, and wherein, after the operating period has expired, the hydroformylation is stopped, the reactor is freed of reaction residues and the hydroformylation is restarted. It is based on the problem of making such a process more economically viable.

Abstract: The invention relates to the synthesis of tetraphenol-substituted structures, in particular meta-substituted xylenes. Said tetraphenol-type structures are reacted to obtain organic phosphorus compounds, in particular organophosphites. The invention further relates to the production of catalytically active compositions which contain transition metals in addition to the aforementioned organic phosphorus compounds. According to another subject matter of the invention, said catalytically active compositions are used in chemical reactions with small molecules, e.g. HCN, CO, hydrogen, and amines.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a product mixture (2) by means of the technical hydroformylation of a hydrocarbon stream (1) that contains isobutene, and for separating the product mixture (2) that is obtained, as well as to a device for the claimed method and to the use of a claimed device. The problem addressed thereby is that of providing a method and an associated device that allow the amount of high-boiling substances in the product mixture (2) to be kept as low as possible and thus the yield of the reaction to be increased. The problem is solved by the use of a nano-filtration device (M) for separating the catalyst from the product mixture (2), said device having especially high permeability to 3-methylbutanoic acid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for the continuous, homogeneous-catalysis reaction of a liquid with a gas and optionally an additional fluid, wherein the device comprises at least one reactor having an external liquid circulation driven by a pump, and wherein the device has at least one membrane separation stage that preferably holds back the homogeneous catalyst. The aim of the invention is to specify a device that allows homogeneous-catalysis gas/liquid phase reactions, in particular hydroformylations, which operate with membrane separation of the catalyst to be performed economically at an industrially relevant scale. Said aim is achieved in that a jet loop reactor is provided as the reactor, and that the pump and the membrane separation stage are arranged in the same external liquid circuit.