Abstract: An aperture for detecting a laser beam misalignment, the aperture comprising: a body including a first opening and defining a first axis; a beam dump; an optical element including a second opening wherein the first opening and the second opening are coaxial with the first axis, the optical element being configured to redirect a misaligned laser beam to a detector or to split a misaligned laser beam into at least two sub-beams; a laser beam detection system configured to detect laser light, wherein the optical element is configured to direct a first sub-beam to the beam dump, and to direct a second sub-beam to the laser beam detection system. Also described is an aperture including an enclosure, a method of detecting misalignment of a laser beam, a radiation source comprising such an aperture, a lithographic apparatus comprising such a radiation source or aperture, and the use of the same in a lithographic apparatus or method.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of a fibrous structure, suitable as a meat replacement. The fibrous structure is formed from a casein-based liquid by precipitation of a hydrocolloid with a divalent salt such as calcium chloride. Free calcium ions in the milk-based liquid are captured by native milk-salts.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of a fibrous structure, suitable as a meat replacement. The fibrous structure is formed from a casein-based liquid by precipitation of a hydrocolloid with a divalent salt such as calcium chloride. Free calcium ions in the milk-based liquid are captured by native milk-salts.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of a fibrous structure, suitable as a meat replacement. The fibrous structure is formed from a milk-based liquid by precipitation of a hydrocolloid with a divalent salt such as calcium chloride. The milk-based fluid is a retentate from microfiltration.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of making French-type goat cheese whereby the production of acid whey waste is prevented. Goat milk is subjected to microfiltration so as to obtain a whey-reduced milk fraction and a whey fraction. The whey-reduced milk fraction is then subjected to acidification and (typically enzymatic) coagulation, so as produce French-type goat cheese.

Abstract: Disclosed is method of removing spores from raw goat milk. Thereby raw goat milk is subjected to decreaming in a separator. Goat cream is thereupon subjected to mild heat treatment. Goat skim milk may be subjected to microfiltration. Retentate therefrom is subjected to sterilization. The process results in a goat milk that is low in bacteria and spores. Disclosed is a non-sterilized milk, the use of said milk in cheese production, a method of making cheese and the use of the purified goat milk for obtaining whey and casein.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for radiation delivery. An exemplary method includes receiving an image depicting anatomical data of a target region of patient tissue and determining an initial prescribed dose of radiotherapeutic radiation to be delivered to the target region. The method also includes discretizing the arc for VMAT into a plurality of arc segments and performing an iteration process for determining an arc dose according to radiation delivered in the arc segments. The method further includes determining whether a condition for terminating the iteration process is met and terminating the iteration process based on a result of the determination that the condition for terminating the iteration process is met.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for radiation delivery. An exemplary method includes receiving an image depicting anatomical data of a target region of patient tissue and determining an initial prescribed dose of radiotherapeutic radiation to be delivered to the target region. The method also includes discretizing the arc for VMAT into a plurality of arc segments and performing an iteration process for determining an arc dose according to radiation delivered in the arc segments. The method further includes determining whether a condition for terminating the iteration process is met and terminating the iteration process based on a result of the determination that the condition for terminating the iteration process is met.

Abstract: A lithographic apparatus includes a substrate table, a post-exposure handling module, a substrate handling robot and a drying station. The substrate table is configured to support a substrate for an exposure process. The post-exposure handling module is configured to handle the substrate post-exposure. The substrate handling robot is configured to transfer the substrate from the substrate table along a substrate unloading path into the post-exposure handling module. The drying station is configured to actively remove liquid from a surface of the substrate. The drying station is located in the substrate unloading path. The drying station is located in the post-exposure handling module. The post-exposure handling module may be a substrate handler.

Abstract: The disclosed systems and methods for Image-Guided Radiation Therapy (IGRT), utilises an iterative approach which adjusts a treatment plan based on inter- or intra-fraction images to improve the accuracy of the radiation delivered during the overall treatment. The prescribed dose of radiotherapeutic radiation is mapped onto the patient's anatomy using an image acquired of the region, which is to be the target for radiotherapeutic radiation. Following beam-angle-optimisation, fluence optimisation and segmentation, the efficiency of delivery of each segment is determined using an objective function, and the segments ranked according to their efficiency. The plan proceeds with the choice of the most efficient segment (or segments) to be delivered first.

Abstract: A lithographic apparatus includes a substrate table, a post-exposure handling module, a substrate handling robot and a drying station. The substrate table is configured to support a substrate for an exposure process. The post-exposure handling module is configured to handle the substrate post-exposure. The substrate handling robot is configured to transfer the substrate from the substrate table along a substrate unloading path into the post-exposure handling module. The drying station is configured to actively remove liquid from a surface of the substrate. The drying station is located in the substrate unloading path. The drying station is located in the post-exposure handling module. The post-exposure handling module may be a substrate handler.

Abstract: The disclosed systems and methods for Image-Guided Radiation Therapy (IGRT), utilises an iterative approach which adjusts a treatment plan based on inter- or intra-fraction images to improve the accuracy of the radiation delivered during the overall treatment. The prescribed dose of radiotherapeutic radiation is mapped onto the patient's anatomy using an image acquired of the region, which is to be the target for radiotherapeutic radiation. Following beam-angle-optimisation, fluence optimisation and segmentation, the efficiency of delivery of each segment is determined using an objective function, and the segments ranked according to their efficiency. The plan proceeds with the choice of the most efficient segment (or segments) to be delivered first.

Abstract: A nozzle lifting assembly for an additive manufacturing system includes a base member and a lift member relatively movable with respect thereto, a first nozzle body arranged for being lifted by the lift member and a second nozzle body disposed on the base member. A wedge member is movably arranged relative to the base member and in wedging engagement with the lift member between a first and second wedge position, wherein the first and second wedge position correspond to a lowered position and a lifted position of the first nozzle body with respect to the second nozzle body, respectively.

Abstract: A lithographic apparatus includes a substrate table, a post-exposure handling module, a substrate handling robot and a drying station. The substrate table is configured to support a substrate for an exposure process. The post-exposure handling module is configured to handle the substrate post-exposure. The substrate handling robot is configured to transfer the substrate from the substrate table along a substrate unloading path into the post-exposure handling module. The drying station is configured to actively remove liquid from a surface of the substrate. The drying station is located in the substrate unloading path. The drying station is located in the post-exposure handling module. The post-exposure handling module may be a substrate handler.

Abstract: The disclosed systems and methods for Image-Guided Radiation Therapy (IGRT), utilises an iterative approach which adjusts a treatment plan based on inter- or intra-fraction images to improve the accuracy of the radiation delivered during the overall treatment. The prescribed dose of radiotherapeutic radiation is mapped onto the patient's anatomy using an image acquired of the region, which is to be the target for radiotherapeutic radiation. Following beam-angle-optimisation, fluence optimisation and segmentation, the efficiency of delivery of each segment is determined using an objective function, and the segments ranked according to their efficiency. The plan proceeds with the choice of the most efficient segment (or segments) to be delivered first.

Abstract: The disclosed systems and methods for Image-Guided Radiation Therapy (IGRT), utilizes an iterative approach which adjusts a treatment plan based on inter- or intra-fraction images to improve the accuracy of the radiation delivered during the overall treatment. The prescribed dose of radiotherapeutic radiation is mapped onto the patient's anatomy using an image acquired of the region, which is to be the target for radiotherapeutic radiation. Following beam-angle-optimization, fluence optimization and segmentation, the efficiency of delivery of each segment is determined using an objective function, and the segments ranked according to their efficiency. The plan proceeds with the choice of the most efficient segment (or segments) to be delivered first.

Abstract: A nozzle lifting assembly for an additive manufacturing system includes a base member and a lift member relatively movable with respect thereto, a first nozzle body arranged for being lifted by the lift member and a second nozzle body disposed on the base member. A wedge member is movably arranged relative to the base member and in wedging engagement with the lift member between a first and second wedge position, wherein the first and second wedge position correspond to a lowered position and a lifted position of the first nozzle body with respect to the second nozzle body, respectively.

Abstract: A lithographic apparatus includes a substrate table, a post-exposure handling module, a substrate handling robot and a drying station. The substrate table is configured to support a substrate for an exposure process. The post-exposure handling module is configured to handle the substrate post-exposure. The substrate handling robot is configured to transfer the substrate from the substrate table along a substrate unloading path into the post-exposure handling module. The drying station is configured to actively remove liquid from a surface of the substrate. The drying station is located in the substrate unloading path. The drying station is located in the post-exposure handling module. The post-exposure handling module may be a substrate handler.

Abstract: The disclosed systems and methods for Image-Guided Radiation Therapy (IGRT), utilises an iterative approach which adjusts a treatment plan based on inter- or intra-fraction images to improve the accuracy of the radiation delivered during the overall treatment. The prescribed dose of radiotherapeutic radiation is mapped onto the patient's anatomy using an image acquired of the region, which is to be the target for radiotherapeutic radiation. Following beam-angle-optimisation, fluence optimisation and segmentation, the efficiency of delivery of each segment is determined using an objective function, and the segments ranked according to their efficiency. The plan proceeds with the choice of the most efficient segment (or segments) to be delivered first.