Abstract: Method for producing 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), wherein a) solutions (hereinbelow called starting solution) which comprise a hexose and an organic solvent with a boiling point greater than 200° C. (at standard pressure) (for short called high-boiling component), and steam are fed to a reaction vessel, b) in the reaction vessel, a conversion of the hexose to HMF takes place in the presence of steam with the simultaneous distillative removal of the HMF and c) as distillate, an aqueous, HMF-comprising solution (hereinbelow called distillate) is obtained.

Abstract: The invention relates to an injector (21) for the addition of a granular solid to a mixing chamber, comprising a central pipe (3) for the addition of the granular solid, an addition apparatus (5) which surrounds the central pipe (3) and is intended for the addition of a propellant gas, wherein the central pipe (3) and the addition apparatus (5) which surrounds the central pipe (3) form an annular gap (9) at the end of the central pipe (3), and also a mixing section (11) with a constant cross section, which adjoins the annular gap (9), and a pipe portion (31) having an outlet opening subsequent to the mixing section (11). The pipe portion (31) having an outlet opening has a change in cross section from a circular inlet cross section to a non-circular outlet cross section of the outlet opening and is rotatable about a central axis.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a continuous process for preparing cellulose reactive adducts of polyvinylamide.

Abstract: A process for preparing salts of acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (A) using the steps of: preparing a solution of a contaminated salt of acrylamido-2-methyl-propanesulfonic acid (A) in an anhydrous organic solvent (L) using at least one basic component (B) selected from the group of alkali metal oxides, alkaline earth metal oxides, alkali metal hydroxides, alkaline earth metal hydroxides and amines of the formula (I) NRaRbRc??(I) where the Ra, Rb and Rc radicals are each independently: hydrogen, C1-C4-alkyl, hydroxy-C1-C4-alkyl or C1-C4-alkoxy, where the molar ratio of compound (A) to the basic component (B) is 1:1 to 1:3, recovering the dissolved salt of compound (A) by crystallization or by precipitation, by altering the temperature and/or the pressure and/or the concentration of the salt in the solution. This leads to salts which are low in by-products and are particularly suitable for polymerization.

Abstract: A composition for dissolving and/or inhibiting deposition of scale on a surface of a system comprises an acidic component, a wetting agent, and a corrosion inhibitor. The composition may further comprise water. The acidic component comprises an alkanesulfonic acid, e.g. methanesulfonic acid (MSA). The wetting agent comprises a surfactant. The corrosion inhibitor comprises an amphoteric surfactant. The alkanesulfonic acid is present in an amount of at least about 50 weight percent (wt %), the surfactant is present in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 30 wt %, and the amphoteric surfactant is present in an amount of from about 0.025 to about 20 wt %, each based on 100 wt % of the alkanesulfonic acid, the surfactant, and the amphoteric surfactant combined. A method of dissolving and/or inhibiting deposition of scale on the surface of the system comprises the step of contacting the surface of the system with the composition.

Abstract: Aspects of the present invention relate to an improved process for exchanging alkali metal or alkaline earth metal ions in zeolites for ammonium ions. For this exchange, aqueous solutions of ammonium salts, for example ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate or ammonium chloride, are currently being used. The resulting “ammonium zeolites” are calcined to convert them, with release of ammonia, to the H form of the zeolites suitable as a catalyst. Certain methods provided herein use ammonium carbonate instead of the ammonium compounds mentioned. As excess ammonium carbonate, in contrast to the nitrates, sulfates or chlorides, can be recycled in the form of carbon dioxide and ammonia, the amount of salt which has to be discharged is lowered significantly.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an organotemplate-free synthetic process for the production of a zeolitic material having a CHA-type framework structure comprising YO2, X2O3, and optionally comprising Z2O5, wherein said process comprises the steps of: (1) providing a mixture comprising one or more sources for YO2, one or more sources for X2O3, and seed crystals having a CHA framework structure, wherein the CHA framework structure of the seed crystals comprises YO2, X2O3, and optionally comprises Z2O5; and (2) crystallizing the mixture obtained in step (1); wherein Y is a tetravalent element, X is a trivalent element, and Z is a pentavalent element, wherein optionally one or more sources for Z2O5 are further provided in step (1), and wherein if the CHA framework of the seed crystals does not contain Z2O5, the seed crystals then have a YO2:X2O3 molar ratio of 5 or greater than 5.

Abstract: The present invention to a process for preparing 1-phenylpyrazoles of the formula I 5 in which each R1 is independently selected from chlorine, fluorine, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy and haloalkoxy; n is 1, 2 or 3; each R2 is independently selected from cyano, nitro, halogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio and alkoxycarbonyl; m is 0, 1 or 2; A is alkyl, aryl or aryl-C1-C4-alkyl, where A optionally bears 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents comprising reacting a phenyl halide of the formula (II) with a pyrazole derivative of the formula (III) in which X is chlorine, iodine or bromine; and R1, n, R2, m and A are each as defined above, in the presence of a base and a catalytic system comprising a ligand and a metal compound selected from palladium compounds, iron compounds and copper compounds.

Abstract: The present invention provides an effect pigment comprising: (a) substrate optionally coated with metal oxide; and (b) triacetin. The present effect pigment may be used in cosmetics, plastics, security markings, inks, coatings including solvent and water borne automotive paint systems, and unsaturated polyester buttons.

Abstract: Superabsorbents comprising pyrogenic aluminum oxide exhibit a low caking tendency coupled with good absorption properties and rapid water absorption.

Abstract: A process for preparing ethylamines and monoisopropylamine (MIPA), in which bioethanol is reacted with ammonia in the presence of hydrogen and of a heterogeneous catalyst to give ethylamines, said bioethanol having a content of sulfur and/or sulfur compounds of ?0.1 ppm by weight (calculated S), and then isopropanol is reacted with ammonia in the presence of the same catalyst and in the presence of hydrogen to give MIPA.

Abstract: Provided herein are isolated laccase enzymes and nucleic acids encoding them. Also provided are mediators for laccase reactions. Also provided herein are methods for using laccases to oxidize lignins and other phenolic and aromatic compounds, such as for bio-bleaching and decolorization of wood pulp under high temperature and pH conditions to facilitate a substantial reduction in use of bleaching chemicals, as well as for treatment of fibers.

Abstract: Aspects of the present invention relate to an improved process for exchanging sodium ions in zeolites comprising sodium ions and rare earth metal ions for ammonium ions. For this exchange, aqueous solutions of ammonium salts, for example ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate or ammonium chloride, are currently being used. The resulting “ammonium zeolites” are calcined to convert them, with release of ammonia, to the H form of the zeolites suitable as a catalyst. The use of ammonium carbonate also minimizes the amount of rare earth metal ions which are leached out of the zeolites comprising rare earth metal ions.

Abstract: A process for producing polyamides from the corresponding monomers and/or prepolymers comprises the steps of (a) reacting the monomers and/or prepolymers and optionally further components under polyamide-forming reaction conditions to form polyamide, (b) treating the polyamide obtained in step (a) in a kneader above the melting temperature of the polyamide, (c) further processing the polyamide from step (b) into pellet, film, fiber or moldings, preferably pelletizing the polyamide, (d) extracting some or all unconverted monomers and any product dimers and oligomers and also optionally further components from the polyamide and/or drying the polyamide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing a supported tin-comprising catalyst, wherein a solution (S) comprising tin nitrate and at least one complexing agent is applied to the support, where the solution (S) does not comprise any solid or has a solids content of not more than 0.5% by weight based on the total amount of dissolved components.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to self-emulsifiable compositions comprising polyolefines, in particular polyisobutene, the process to obtain said emulsions and the use of said emulsions.

Abstract: Compositions comprising: (a) at least one hyperbranched polymer comprising nitrogen atoms; and (b) at least one substance exhibiting a solubility in water at 25° C. and 1013 mbar of less than 10 g/l are disclosed along with methods of preparing such compositions.

Abstract: A polyurethane spraying system minimizes emissions of a polyisocyanate while spraying a mixture of a polyisocyanate and a resin composition onto a surface. The system includes a first reactant supply tank including the resin composition. The system also includes a second reactant supply tank including the polyisocyanate. The system further includes a non-gaseous pump that is coupled with the first and second reactant supply tanks, a mixing apparatus that is coupled with the first and second reactant supply tanks for mixing the resin composition and the polyisocyanate prior to spraying, and a particular spray nozzle that is coupled with the mixing apparatus. The polyurethane spraying system produces less than 50 parts of the polyisocyanate per one billion parts of air according to the NIOSH 5521 Impingement Method while spraying the mixture onto the surface.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a thickener comprising i) at least one polymer preparable by polymerization of a) at least one water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer comprising at least one anionic monomer and/or at least one nonionic monomer, b) at least one ethylenically unsaturated associative monomer, c) optionally at least one crosslinker, d) optionally at least one chain transfer agent, ii) at least one activator, where the ratio of activator to polymer is >10 to 100 [% by weight/% by weight].

Abstract: The use of water-soluble or water-dispersible copolymers which are obtained by free radical-initiated polymerization of a mixture of i) 30 to 80% by weight N-vinyllactam, ii) 10 to 50% by weight vinylacetate and iii) 10 to 50% by weight of a polyether, with the proviso that the total of i), ii) and iii) is equal to 100% by weight, as binders for producing solid active ingredient-containing dosage forms.