Abstract: A fire-retardant material including a polymer matrix including, in reacted form, a diisocyanate, a chain extender, a carboxylate-comprising organic diol, an organophosphorus-containing polyol, an organophosphorus-free polyol. The diisocyanate and phosphorous-containing polyol are present in the polymer matrix a mole ratio of 1:1 to 50:1. The fire-retardant material includes 0.05 to 2.5 wt. % a metal-organic framework, based on a total weight of fire-retardant material. The fire-retardant material shows enhanced protection of metal surfaces from hydrogen embrittlement and may find use as a coating on a material exposed to hydrogen or a hydrogen-containing gas mixture.

Abstract: A method of recovering a hydrocarbon from a reservoir is described. The method includes injecting an oil recovery formulation into the reservoir, and collecting the hydrocarbon from the reservoir. The oil recovery formulation includes date leaf particles selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acid functionalized date leaf particles and non-functionalized date leaf particles. The date leaf particles have an average particle size of 30 to 950 nanometers (nm). A method for preparing the carboxylic acid functionalized date leaf particles is also provided.

Abstract: A method of recovering a hydrocarbon from a reservoir, whereby an oil recovery formulation containing carboxylic acid functionalized-pyrolyzed date leaf particles is injected into the reservoir, and the hydrocarbon is collected from the reservoir. The carboxylic acid functionalized-pyrolyzed date leaf particles are obtained sequentially from date leaves by cutting the date leaves and drying, pulverizing in the presence of a metal bicarbonate, pyrolyzing at 700 to 1,000° C., and treating the product thus obtained with an acid solution that includes nitric acid to introduce carboxylic acid functional groups.