Abstract: A method for forming an array of elongated nanostructures, includes in one embodiment, providing a substrate, providing a template having a plurality of pores on the substrate, and removing portions of the substrate under the plurality of pores of the template to form a plurality of cavities. A catalyst is provided in the plurality of cavities in the substrate, and the pores of the template are widened to expose the substrate around the catalyst so that the catalyst is spaced from the sides of the plurality of pores of the template. A plurality of elongated nanostructures is grown from the catalyst spaced from the sides of the pores of the template.

Abstract: A method for forming an array of elongated nanostructures, includes in one embodiment, providing a substrate, providing a template having a plurality of pores on the substrate, and removing portions of the substrate under the plurality of pores of the template to form a plurality of cavities. A catalyst is provided in the plurality of cavities in the substrate, and the pores of the template are widened to expose the substrate around the catalyst so that the catalyst is spaced from the sides of the plurality of pores of the template. A plurality of elongated nanostructures is grown from the catalyst spaced from the sides of the pores of the template.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an antireflective viewing surface comprising a viewing surface; and a textured layer disposed upon the viewing surface; wherein the textured layer comprises randomly distributed protrusions having randomly distributed dimensions that are smaller than the wavelength of light. Disclosed herein too is a method of manufacturing and antireflective viewing surface comprising electroforming a metal upon a first template to form an electroformed metal template; wherein the first template comprises random, columnar structures; disposing a layer of a polymeric resin on a viewing surface; pressing the electroformed metal template against the viewing surface; and solidifying the polymeric resin.

Abstract: A solid oxide fuel cell is disclosed. The fuel cell includes a porous anode, formed of finely-dispersed nickel/stabilized-zirconia powder particles. The particles have an average diameter of less than about 300 nanometers. They are also characterized by a tri-phase length of greater than about 50 ?m/?m3. A solid oxide fuel cell stack is also described, along with a method of forming an anode for a solid oxide fuel cell. The method includes the step of using a spray-agglomerated, nickel oxide/stabilized-zirconia powder to form the anode.

Abstract: A solar cell assembly for use in an outer space environment or a non-Earth environment is provided. The solar cell assembly includes a photovoltaic conversion layer configured to produce an electrical current when receiving photons. The photovoltaic conversion layer has a top surface and a bottom surface. The solar cell assembly further includes a first electrical contact layer electrically coupled to the top surface and a second electrical contact layer electrically coupled to the bottom surface. Finally, the solar cell assembly includes a transparent electrically conductive layer disposed proximate said first electrical contact layer configured to receive electrons from an outer space environment and to conduct said electrons away from said photovoltaic conversion layer.

Abstract: A flexible solar cell assembly for use in an outer space environment or a non-Earth environment is provided. The flexible solar cell assembly includes a solar cell having a first side and a second side. The solar cell is configured to produce an electrical current when receiving photons on at least the first side. The flexible solar cell assembly further includes a flexible substrate operably coupled to the second side of the solar cell.

Abstract: A solar cell assembly for use in an outer space environment or a non-Earth environment and a method for controlling a temperature of the solar cell assembly are provided. The solar cell assembly includes a photovoltaic conversion layer configured to produce an electrical current when receiving photons on a first side of the photovoltaic conversion layer. The solar cell assembly further includes a thermally conductive layer thermally coupled to a second side of the photovoltaic conversion layer. Finally, the solar cell assembly includes a heat radiating layer coupled to the thermally conductive layer to radiate heat energy from the photovoltaic conversion layer.