Abstract: The present invention relates to a separator film in a lithium battery, more specifically relates to a polyolefin microporous film and a preparation method thereof. The polyolefin microporous film has a porosity above 30% and below 65%, a median pore size above 10 nm and below 60 nm, a stress-strain (?-?) curve integral in Machine Direction (MD) and Transverse Direction (TD) directions simultaneously fulfilling the following definition: E=?0??(?)d?>150 J/m2; and the largest pore size, the smallest pore size and the median pore size fulfilling the following definition: 0.9<P<1.2, wherein P=(the largest pore size?the smallest pore size)/the median pore size. The polyolefin microporous film according to the present invention has high tenacity, small pore sizes, concentrated distribution of pore sizes, great stability for coiling, and enabling high number of battery cycles. When used as a separator film, battery manufacturing safety and the service life of the battery being made can be increased.

Abstract: An emissions control system for a vehicle having an exhaust system with an exhaust gas conduit and a catalytic converter configured to receive exhaust gas from an engine is provided. In one example implementation, the system includes an engine controller configured to control the engine to adjust an air to fuel ratio (lambda) thereof. The engine controller is configured to operate the engine with at least one of the following lambda control strategies (i) a first control strategy comprising operating at a first reference lambda modified by a first percent kick, and a first rich lambda lag time shorter than a first lean lambda lag time, and (ii) a second control strategy comprising operating at a second reference lambda modified by a second percent kick, and a second rich lag time longer than a second lean lambda lag time, to thereby simultaneously meet predetermined NOx and CO emissions targets.

Abstract: An emissions control system for a vehicle having an exhaust system with an exhaust gas conduit and a catalytic converter configured to receive exhaust gas from an engine is provided. In one example implementation, the system includes an engine controller configured to control the engine to adjust an air to fuel ratio (lambda) thereof. The engine controller is configured to operate the engine with at least one of the following lambda control strategies (i) a first control strategy comprising operating at a first reference lambda modified by a first percent kick, and a first rich lambda lag time shorter than a first lean lambda lag time, and (ii) a second control strategy comprising operating at a second reference lambda modified by a second percent kick, and a second rich lag time longer than a second lean lambda lag time, to thereby simultaneously meet predetermined NOx and CO emissions targets.

Abstract: A lipid represented by the formula: wherein each of R1 and R2 is an alkyl or alkenyl chain having between about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms; n=0–20; L is selected from the group consisting of (i) —X—(C?O)—Y—, (ii) —X—(C?O)—, and (iii) —X—CH2—, wherein X and Y are independently selected from oxygen, NH, and a direct bond; and Z is a weakly basic moiety that has a pK of less than about 7.4 and greater than about 4.0 is described.

Abstract: A lipid represented by the formula: wherein each of R1 and R2 is an alkyl or alkenyl chain having between about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms; n=0-20; L is selected from the group consisting of (i) —X—(C?O)—Y—, (ii) —X—(C?O)—, and (iii) —X—CH2—, wherein X and Y are independently selected from oxygen, NH and a direct bond; and Z is a weakly basic moiety that has a pK of less than about 7.4 and greater than about 4.0 is described.

Abstract: A composition for delivery of Factor VIII is described.

Abstract: A composition for delivery of Factor VIII is described.

Abstract: A plasmid-liposome composition for transfection of a cell is described. The composition includes plasmid molecules condensed with a polycationic condensing agent and cationic liposomes. Also disclosed is a method for preparing the plasmid-liposome complexes.

Abstract: An improvement in a method of preparing plasmid-liposome complexes for in vivo transfection is described. The improvement includes selecting a condensing agent to condense the plasmid prior to contact with the liposomes, selecting a working medium and selecting a ratio of liposome lipid to plasmid. Also disclosed are DNA plasmid-liposome complexes formed by the method.