Abstract: A method for calculating a formation temperature of a mineral based on a chlorite spectrum includes: S1, recording characteristic data of each chlorite sample; S2, acquiring a Fe—OH wavelength value of each chlorite sample; S3, calculating a formation temperature of and contents of major elements in each chlorite sample; and S4, according to the formation temperature and major element contents obtained in the step S3, determining a formation environment and a category of a corresponding chlorite sample. The calculation of a formation temperature of a chlorite mineral is based on characteristic wavelength parameters acquired by field short-wave infrared spectroscopy instead of traditional calculation based on major element data acquired by laboratory electron microprobe analysis (EMPA), which facilitates the rapid identification of a formation environment and an alteration zone of a mineral and greatly improves a working efficiency of mineral exploration.