Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed herein for ion exchange wherein process fluid is injected at multiple points within the ion exchange vessel simultaneously, allowing the contaminants and/or the contaminated process fluid to be distributed homogenously throughout the ion exchange media. These systems and methods may be implemented in one or more of fixed, mobile, and modular embodiments.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed herein for ion exchange wherein process fluid is injected at multiple points within the ion exchange vessel simultaneously, allowing the contaminants and/or the contaminated process fluid to be distributed homogeneously throughout the ion exchange media. These systems and methods may be implemented in one or more of fixed, mobile, and modular embodiments.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for controlling performance of a mixed ion exchange media comprising two or more media. The weighted average of a quantity of the first media having a first rate of exchange to a quantity of a second media having a second rate of exchange is determined based on predetermined requirements for the resulting mixed media. After determining the weighted average, the first and second media are mixed resulting in a mixed media having a third rate of exchange. The mixed media is introduced to an ion exchange column. Contaminated liquid is then introduced to the column creating a mass transfer zone within the column. The mixed media is generally considered optimized when it meets three conditions simultaneously: 100% safety limitation, 100% media capacity used, and effluent criteria are met.

Abstract: A mounting/bonding clip for use with photovoltaic (PV) modules of the type including an electrically conductive frame and separated by a gap, the clip comprising an electrically conductive body comprising a central portion and first and second spaced-apart arms extending from the central portion. Each arm has first and second outer ends with frame surface-disrupting, electrical contact elements at the outer ends. Each arm extends from the central portion at an obtuse angle to the central portion.