Abstract: A least reliable bit (LRB) identification approach based on a cumulative distribution function (CDF) is disclosed. In some embodiments, a receiver includes a detector and a decoder. The detector is configured to receive a codeword and determine a list of reliability values for the bits included in the codeword. The decoder is configured to receive, from the detector, the codeword and the list of reliability values, compute a list of CDFs of the reliability values for the codeword, identify, from the CDF list, a group including a specific number of LRBs that have the reliability values within a threshold range, and determine a location of each LRB of the group in the codeword.

Abstract: A storage device includes a nonvolatile memory and a controller. The controller is configured to store in the nonvolatile memory data for a host, to generate messages having a message size to be cached in the host in a cache memory having a cache-line size larger than the message size, to aggregate two or more of the messages by producing an aggregated message that matches the cache-line size, and to send the aggregated message to the host.