Abstract: To determine a location of a client device in a wireless network having at least first and second network devices, with known locations, one of the network devices transmits a message to the other network device and the other network device responds with an acknowledgement message. A client device receives the message and the acknowledgement message as well as respective times indicating actual times at which the message and the acknowledgement message were processed by one of the first and second network devices. The client device determines its location based on the times at which it received the message and the acknowledgement message and the difference between the actual processing times. This location may be refined by determining an angle between the client device and at least one of the network devices having multiple antennas and being configured for steered beam communications.

Abstract: A system for location based security which includes a plurality of receivers. Each of the receivers determines limes of arrival of received time varying signals. The system also includes a server in communication with the receivers and a mobile device. The server receives the times of arrival from the receivers, and times of arrival of the time varying signals determined by the mobile device. The server determines a location of the mobile device based on the times of arrival. The server may then authorize the mobile device to perform secure communication over the secure communication network when the location of the mobile device is determined to be in an authorized communication area defined based on the Limes of arrival received from the receivers.

Abstract: A system for location based security which includes a plurality of receivers. Each of the receivers determines times of arrival of received time varying signals. The system also includes a server in communication with the receivers and a mobile device. The server receives the times of arrival from the receivers, and times of arrival of the time varying signals determined by the mobile device. The server determines a location of the mobile device based on the times of arrival. The server may then authorize the mobile device to perform secure communication over the secure communication network when the location of the mobile device is determined to be in an authorized communication area defined based on the times of arrival received from the receivers.

Abstract: A system having multiple short-range transmission devices, each of which is assigned a unique identity and is positioned at a respectively different location within a three dimensional space. The assignment of the identity is according to signals broadcast by short-range device(s) as sensed unambiguously by a listening device or devices proximate to the short-range transmission device(s) and further associating the identity with a reference point.

Abstract: A system for determining a position of a pair of portable devices in close proximity to one another, the system comprising: a first portable device configured to form first positioning data for use in accordance with a first position determination mechanism; and a second portable device operable to calculate a position in accordance with the first position determination mechanism; wherein the first portable device is configured to transmit said first positioning data to the second portable device, and the second portable device is configured to calculate a position of the first and second portable devices in dependence on the first positioning data.

Abstract: A system and method which identifies locations associated with radio-frequency (RF) signal sources in an area, includes receiving multiple measurement sets from a plurality of collector devices. The collector devices obtain contemporaneous information on characteristics of the signal sources and absolute and/or relative location information of the collectors. These measurement sets are processed to discover positioning data for the RF signal sources that may be used to determine locations of devices in the area that are configured to receive or monitor the RF signals.

Abstract: According to certain aspects, the invention provides a method of achieving near-fingerprinting accuracy without fingerprinting database costs, via parametric representation of training data. In embodiments, this is achieved by using a parametric representation for the training data and limiting the region of applicability of the parametric model in order to mimic fingerprinting. According to certain additional aspects, an algorithm according to principles of the invention includes two separate parts, training and positioning. Training encompasses the derivation of the parametric model and region of applicability. This comprises access point position, propagation model and the window of applicability. Positioning covers the use of the derived model along with a set of fresh observations to generate a position estimate.

Abstract: Devices and methods of determining a proximity of a receiver to a tag in a predetermined region. A signal characteristic is sensed at the receiver from the tag and an assisting tag. Zones are defined representing proximity of the receiver to each tag. A presence probability vector for the receiver and zones of each tag is estimated based on the signal characteristic. For the assisting tag, a further presence probability vector for the receiver and zones of the tag is estimated, given the presence probability vector for the assisting tag, based on a spatial relationship between the tag and the assisting tag. A combined probable proximity vector for the receiver and zones of the tag are calculated, using the presence probability vector for the tag and the further presence probability vector via a Bayesian network. The proximity of the receiver to the tag is based on the combined vector.

Abstract: A method of forming an estimate of the two-dimensional position of a radio receiver relative to a plurality of radio transmitters each having an associated position estimate and a position uncertainty expressible as an uncertainty ellipse having major and minor axes, the method comprising using the uncertainty vectors describing the uncertainty ellipses of the radio transmitters in a predetermined coordinate system to define a new compound coordinate basis, and forming an estimate of the two-dimensional position of the radio receiver in the compound coordinate basis by projecting the major and minor axes of each uncertainty ellipse onto the new compound coordinate basis and calculating the position of the radio receiver by means of a weighted centroid that uses weighting values calculated in the new compound coordinate basis and position estimates of the plurality of the radio transmitters expressed in the compound coordinate basis.

Abstract: A system having multiple short-range transmission devices, each of which is assigned a unique identity and is positioned at a respectively different location within a three dimensional space. The assignment of the identity is according to signals broadcast by short-range device(s) as sensed unambiguously by a listening device or devices proximate to the short-range transmission device(s) and further associating the identity with a reference point.

Abstract: According to certain aspects, the invention provides a method of achieving near-fingerprinting accuracy without fingerprinting database costs, via parametric representation of training data. In embodiments, this is achieved by using a parametric representation for the training data and limiting the region of applicability of the parametric model in order to mimic fingerprinting. According to certain additional aspects, an algorithm according to principles of the invention includes two separate parts, training and positioning. Training encompasses the derivation of the parametric model and region of applicability. This comprises access point position, propagation model and the window of applicability. Positioning covers the use of the derived model along with a set of fresh observations to generate a position estimate.

Abstract: According to certain aspects, the invention provides a method of achieving near-fingerprinting accuracy without fingerprinting database costs, via parametric representation of training data. In embodiments, this is achieved by using a parametric representation for the training data and limiting the region of applicability of the parametric model in order to mimic fingerprinting. According to certain additional aspects, an algorithm according to principles of the invention includes two separate parts, training and positioning. Training encompasses the derivation of the parametric model and region of applicability. This comprises access point position, propagation model and the window of applicability. Positioning covers the use of the derived model along with a set of fresh observations to generate a position estimate.

Abstract: To determine a location of a client device in a wireless network having at least first and second network devices, with known locations, one of the network devices transmits a message to the other network device and the other network device responds with an acknowledgement message. A client device receives the message and the acknowledgement message as well as respective times indicating actual times at which the message and the acknowledgement message were processed by one of the first and second network devices. The client device determines its location based on the times at which it received the message and the acknowledgement message and the difference between the actual processing times. This location may be refined by determining an angle between the client device and at least one of the network devices having multiple antennas and being configured for steered beam communications.

Abstract: A system for location based security which includes a plurality of receivers. Each of the receivers determines times of arrival of received time varying signals. The system also includes a server in communication with the receivers and a mobile device. The server receives the times of arrival from the receivers, and times of arrival of the time varying signals determined by the mobile device. The server determines a location of the mobile device based on the times of arrival. The server may then authorize the mobile device to perform secure communication over the secure communication network when the location of the mobile device is determined to be in an authorized communication area defined based on the times of arrival received from the receivers.

Abstract: A system has short-range transmission devices, each of which corresponds to a range of zones in a three dimensional space. The short-range devices are positioned at various locations within the three dimensional space and periodically broadcast signals. The zones are determined according to a plurality of signal characteristics sensed by client devices proximate to the short-range beacon transmission devices. In addition, the zones are assigned definitions.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention involve providing assistance data to a global position and navigation receiver, for example topographical data, such that the receiver can decide on a specific action depending on that data. The topographical data may include one or both of geographical data and architectural data. Geographical data may include information about natural formations, such as hills, valleys, forests, etc. Architectural data may include manmade formations, such as streets, buildings, bridges, etc. The receiver may then interpret and decide on a course of action for controlling the receiver base on the assistance data.

Abstract: A method of determining the location of a mobile receiver is provided. The method works within a radio system in one or more dimensions, the radio system includes a network of transmitters the positions of which are known. The method comprises the steps of: compiling a list of the signals detected by the receiver, sending said list to a calculation device; constructing a position function which relates to the probability that the receiver is at a given location, which position function has components corresponding to each member of the list, each component including a predetermined probability function that depends on mobile receiver position; and evaluating said position function to determine a position that corresponds to the highest probability of location, and defining that position to be the location of the mobile receiver.

Abstract: A system and method which identifies locations associated with radio-frequency (RF) signal sources in an area, includes receiving multiple measurement sets from a plurality of collector devices. The collector devices obtain contemporaneous information on characteristics of the signal sources and absolute and/or relative location information of the collectors. These measurement sets are processed to discover positioning data for the RF signal sources that may be used to determine locations of devices in the area that are configured to receive or monitor the RF signals.

Abstract: According to certain aspects, the invention provides a method of achieving near-fingerprinting accuracy without fingerprinting database costs, via parametric representation of training data. In embodiments, this is achieved by using a parametric representation for the training data and limiting the region of applicability of the parametric model in order to mimic fingerprinting. According to certain additional aspects, an algorithm according to principles of the invention includes two separate parts, training and positioning. Training encompasses the derivation of the parametric model and region of applicability. This comprises access point position, propagation model and the window of applicability. Positioning covers the use of the derived model along with a set of fresh observations to generate a position estimate.

Abstract: A method of forming an estimate of the two-dimensional position of a radio receiver relative to a plurality of radio transmitters each having an associated position estimate and a position uncertainty expressible as an uncertainty ellipse having major and minor axes, the method comprising using the uncertainty vectors describing the uncertainty ellipses of the radio transmitters in a predetermined coordinate system to define a new compound coordinate basis, and forming an estimate of the two-dimensional position of the radio receiver in the compound coordinate basis by projecting the major and minor axes of each uncertainty ellipse onto the new compound coordinate basis and calculating the position of the radio receiver by means of a weighted centroid that uses weighting values calculated in the new compound coordinate basis and position estimates of the plurality of the radio transmitters expressed in the compound coordinate basis.