Abstract: A system and method for guided or unguided instruction, comprising a color, or/and a tactilely coded list of most common ions, and a set, of blocks corresponding to a chart, sufficient to represent formula units in any possible combination of ions coded in the chart, is provided. A valid ionic compound (formula unit) model constructed with the present invention is represented by a rectangular, or cuboid, shape having six sides and eight corners and no more than two ionic types represented by blocks having ionic coding.

Abstract: A block model kit for representing validly constructed ionic compounds is provided. A valid ionic compound (formula unit) constructed with the block model kit is represented by a cuboid shape having six faces and eight corners and no more than two ionic types represented by blocks having ionic coding.

Abstract: A technique and apparatus therefor adapted to treat in situ specified tissue, especially a malignant tumor, use being made of electrodes implanted in the tissue at spaced positions. Applied across the electrodes is a voltage causing a current to flow through the tissue to be treated. This current in one embodiment of the invention produces an electrochemical reaction yielding multiple reaction products, some of which are cytotoxic agents destructive of cancer cells, the voltage being regulated to optimize the yield of those agents having the greatest efficacy. In another embodiment, fed to the tissue is one or more reagents which when current flows through the tissue react with the material of an electrode to yield a cytotoxic agent in situ. Alternatively, the surface of the electrode can serve as a catalyst for the formation of the cytotoxic agents.

Abstract: A technique and apparatus therefor adapted to treat in situ specified tissue, especially a malignant tumor, use being made of electrodes implanted in the tissue at spaced positions. Applied across the electrodes is a voltage causing a current to flow through the tissue to be treated. This current in one embodiment of the invention produces an electrochemical reaction yielding multiple reaction products, some of which are cytotoxic agents destructive of cancer cells, the voltage being regulated to optimize the yield of those agents having the greatest efficacy. In another embodiment, fed to the tissue is one or more reagents which when current flows through the tissue react with the material of an electrode to yield a cytotoxic agent in situ. Alternatively, the surface of the electrode can serve as a catalyst for the formation of the cytotoxic agents.

Abstract: A technique and apparatus therefor adapted to treat in situ specified tissue, especially a malignant tumor, use being made of electrodes implanted in the tissue at spaced positions. Applied across the electrodes is a voltage causing a current to flow through the tissue to be treated. This current in one embodiment of the invention produces an electrochemical reaction yielding multiple reaction products, some of which are cytotoxic agents destructive of cancer cells, the voltage being regulated to optimize the yield of those agents having the greatest efficacy. In another embodiment, fed to the tissue is one or more reagents which when current flows through the tissue react with the material of an electrode to yield a cytotoxic agent in situ. Alternatively, the surface of the electrode can serve as a catalyst for the formation of the cytotoxic agents.

Abstract: A technique and apparatus therefor adapted to treat in situ specified tissue, especially a malignant tumor, use being made of electrodes implanted in the tissue at spaced positions. Applied across the electrodes is a voltage causing a current to flow through the tissue to be treated. This current in one embodiment of the invention produces an electrochemical reaction yielding multiple reaction products, some of which are cytotoxic agents destructive of cancer cells, the voltage being regulated to optimize the yield of those agents having the greatest efficacy. In another embodiment, fed to the tissue is one or more reagents which when current flows through the tissue react with the material of an electrode to yield a cytotoxic agent in situ. Alternatively, the surface of the electrode can serve as a catalyst for the formation of the cytotoxic agents.

Abstract: A technique and apparatus therefor adapted to treat in situ a malignant tumor, use being made of a working electrode and a counterelectrode implanted in the tumor at spaced positions. Applied across the electrodes is a voltage causing a direct current to flow through the tumor producing an electrochemical reaction yielding multiple reaction products, some of which are cytotoxic agents destructive of cancer cells. Coupled to the electrodes is a control unit which acts to regulate the voltage applied thereto so as to optimize the yield of those cytotoxic agents having the greatest efficacy.

Abstract: A device for the photosynthetic reduction of carbon dioxide and water by sunlight to formic acid, formaldehyde and methanol in the presence of semiconducting photoactive materials. Using preferred compositions of photoactive materials, selected from oxides and sulfides of copper, iron, molybdenum, ruthenium, lead, titanium, and from mixtures of any of these, and from barium titanate, calcium titanate, and strontium titanate, this photochemical solar collector also achieves photothermal energy conversion, thus providing the energy required for continuous distillation and recovery of the above organic materials produced.