Abstract: The present invention regards a method for converting carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide in high-temperature, dry, solid oxide electrolysis providing increased lifetime of SOECs and SOEC stacks by addressing the problem of coking, while simultaneously ensuring highest possible CO production from each cell or stack.

Abstract: The content of oxygen in molten metallic copper is reduced during the copper refining process by adding pure carbon monoxide, produced by electrolysis of carbon dioxide in a solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC), thereby removing oxygen through the reduction of CuO to Cu. This way, the purity of the metallic copper is increased.

Abstract: A Solid Oxide Cell stack has an integrated interconnect and spacer, which is formed by bending a surplus part of the plate interconnect 180° to form a spacer part on top of the interconnect and connected to the interconnect at least by the bend.

Abstract: In a method for supplying oxygen-enriched gas to an oxygen consuming process, in which the oxygen-enriched gas with a low nitrogen content is generated by supplying an anode-side feed gas comprising CO2 to the anode side of a solid oxide electrolysis cell, oxygen is generated on the anode side of the solid oxide electrolysis cell. This way, an anode-side product gas is formed, in which the oxygen-enriched gas comprises at least a part. The oxygen-enriched gas has a low nitrogen content, and the temperature of the oxygen-enriched gas exiting the solid oxide electrolysis cell is between 600 and 1000° C. The method has multiple advantages, first of all as regards energy saving.

Abstract: Improved contact between interconnect and oxygen electrode material is achieved through a contact point between an electrode or a contact layer and a coated ferritic stainless steel interconnect, where the coating on the metallic interconnect comprises Cu.

Abstract: A SOC stack has interconnects with a maximum distance between the contact points which are designed to compensate for pressure difference between one side of the interconnect to the other side.

Abstract: In a method for chromium upgrading of interconnects made of ferritic steel to be used in solid oxide cell stacks, comprising the steps of shaping the interconnect, depositing a coating comprising Cr on at least one surface of the shaped interconnect and performing one or more thermal treatments at a temperature below 1000° C., the resulting Cr concentration near the surface of the interconnect is higher than the Cr concentration in the ferritic steel before shaping. Specifically, the average Cr concentration of the shaped interconnect is increased to 26 wt % Cr or higher.

Abstract: Improved contact between interconnect and oxygen electrode material is achieved through a contact point between an electrode or a contact layer and a coated ferritic stainless steel interconnect, where the coating on the metallic interconnect comprises Cu.

Abstract: Improved contact between interconnect and oxygen electrode material in solid oxide cell (SOC) stacks is achieved through a contact point between the oxygen electrode or an oxygen-side contact layer of the SOC and a coated ferritic stainless steel interconnect in the SOC stack, where the coating on the metallic interconnect comprises Cu.

Abstract: A method for the generation of a gas mixture including carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen for use in hydroformylation plants, including the steps of evaporating water to steam; feeding the steam to a solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) or an SOEC stack at a sufficient temperature for the cell or cell stack to operate while effecting a partial conversion of steam to hydrogen; utilizing the effluent SOEC gas including H2 together with CO2 from an external source as feed for a RWGS reactor in which the RWGS reaction takes place, converting some of the CO2 and H2 to CO and H2O; removing some of or all the remaining steam from the raw product gas stream; using said gas mixture comprising CO, CO2 and H2 for liquid phase hydroformylation utilizing carbon monoxide and hydrogen as reactants, while recycling CO2 to the RWGS reactor.

Abstract: A method for the generation of syngas for use in hydroformylation plants comprises the steps of evaporating water to steam, mixing the steam with carbon dioxide in any desired molar ratio and feeding the resulting gas to a solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) or an SOEC stack at around 700° C. while supplying an electrical current to the cell or cell stack to convert the feed gas to syngas. An advantage is that the syngas can be generated on the site where it is intended to be used.

Abstract: A method for the generation of a gas mixture comprising carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and optionally hydrogen for use in hydroformylation plants or in carbonylation plants, including mixing an optional steam with carbon dioxide in the desired molar ratio, feeding the resulting gas to a solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) or an SOEC stack at a sufficient temperature for the cell or cell stack to operate while effecting a partial conversion of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide and optionally of steam to hydrogen, removing some or all the remaining steam from the raw product gas stream by cooling the raw product gas stream and separating the remaining product gas from a liquid, and using said gas mixture containing CO and CO2 for liquid phase synthesis reactions utilizing carbon monoxide as one of the reactants while recycling CO2 to the SOEC or SOEC stack.

Abstract: A method for coating an interconnect for a solid oxide cell (SOC) stack comprises providing an interconnect substrate comprising Cr and Fe, coating the interconnect substrate with a first metallic layer by electrodeposition, coating the resulting structure with a second layer of metallic cobalt by electrodeposition and coating the resulting structure with a layer of metallic copper by ion-exchange plating. This way, a metallic copper-cobalt coating is formed on the interconnect.

Abstract: The content of oxygen in molten metallic copper is reduced during the copper refining process by adding pure carbon monoxide, produced by electrolysis of carbon dioxide in a solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC), thereby removing oxygen through the reduction of CuO to Cu. This way, the purity of the metallic copper is increased.

Abstract: A method for coating an interconnect for a solid oxide cell (SOC) stack comprises providing an interconnect substrate comprising Cr and Fe, coating the interconnect substrate with a first metallic layer by electrodeposition, coating the resulting structure with a second layer of metallic cobalt by electrodeposition and coating the resulting structure with a layer of metallic copper by ion-exchange plating. This way, a metallic copper-cobalt coating is formed on the interconnect.

Abstract: Improved contact between interconnect and oxygen electrode material in solid oxide cell (SOC) stacks is achieved through a contact point between the oxygen electrode or an oxygen-side contact layer of the SOC and a coated ferritic stainless steel interconnect in the SOC stack, where the coating on the metallic interconnect comprises Cu.

Abstract: A Solid Oxide Electrolysis System has electrolytes with increased Area Specific Resistance, ASR yet is thin as compared to known electrolytes in the field, to obtain heating of the endothermic reducing process performed in the electrolysis cells directly where it is needed without any extra heating appliances or integrated heating elements, a simple efficient solution which does not increase the volume of the stack.