Abstract: Disclosed are various embodiments of low cost high quality LED (Light Emitting Diode) retrofit lamp devices capable of operating in a wide range of power and to supersede conventional lighting devices such as incandescent, halogen, sodium or fluorescent lamps. The disclosed embodiments include various LED lamp retrofit apparatuses that maximize the electro-mechanical-optical compatibility of seven interactive systems, such as: LEDs, LED Panel, Supply Adaptor, Housing, Lens/diffuser Shield, In/Out Electrical Wiring an LED driver. LED lamp retrofit apparatuses include incandescent, halogen, fluorescent, and sodium lamps.

Abstract: Disclosed are various embodiments of low cost high quality LED (Light Emitting Diode) retrofit lamp devices capable of operating in a wide range of power and to supersede conventional lighting devices such as incandescent, halogen, sodium or fluorescent lamps. The disclosed embodiments include various LED lamp retrofit apparatuses that maximize the electro-mechanical-optical compatibility of seven interactive systems, such as: LEDs, LED Panel, Supply Adaptor, Housing, Lens/diffuser Shield, In/Out Electrical Wiring an LED driver. LED lamp retrofit apparatuses include incandescent, halogen, fluorescent, and sodium lamps.

Abstract: A low-cost ultra-versatile pulse width modulation (PWM)-timer controller system is disclosed for use in the electric power management industry. Using different voltage/current buffer devices, the present system is capable of performing a variety of control applications, including for example as a pulse width modulation controller, power factor correction circuit, silicon controlled rectifier or thyristor, zero-voltage drive circuit, AC/DC boost converter, battery charger, motor RPM controller, timer or clock, light intensity controller, temperature range controller, pressure controller, sensing/monitoring/warning system, or analog logic circuit.

Abstract: A low-cost ultra-versatile pulse width modulation (PWM)-timer controller system to control automations, AC-DC, DC-DC and power factor correction converter circuits comprising an under-voltage lock-out circuit, a voltage gap reference circuit, a driver circuit, a PWM logic circuit that allows for fixed or variable frequency having synchronization inputs and outputs, an oscillator circuit that generates a voltage ramp signal, a set signal and a synchronization signal, a voltage ramp buffer circuit that allows for voltage and current mode operations having synchronization inputs and outputs, a current spike filter circuit having synchronization inputs and outputs, an error amplifier circuit, a voltage limiter circuit, a PWM comparator circuit that generates a reset signal having synchronization inputs and outputs, a soft start circuit that controls, simultaneously, the error amplifier sensing input and output terminals having synchronization inputs and outputs, and a master synchronization system synchronizing a

Abstract: A Parallel Charge, Series Discharge method and apparatus for power factor correction and improved efficiency comprising an energy source, two (or more) impedance(s) capable of storing and delivering electrical energy, a switching circuit having one position so that inpedance(s) charge in a parallel mode with a fraction of the electrical energy incoming from one (or more) rectified AC input generator(s), and another position so that inpedance(s) discharge some of the electrical energy stored into the load, the switch having a frequency and duty cycle so that the input current rectified waveform from the energy source will approximate the voltage rectified waveform from the energy source.

Abstract: A Parallel Charge, Series Discharge method and apparatus for power factor correction and improved efficiency comprising an energy source, two (or more) impedance(s) capable of storing and delivering electrical energy, a switching circuit having one position so that inpedance(s) charge in a parallel mode with a fraction of the electrical energy incoming from one (or more) rectified AC input generator(s), and another position so that inpedance(s) discharge some of the electrical energy stored into the load, the switch having a frequency and duty cycle so that the input current rectified waveform from the energy source will approximate the voltage rectified waveform from the energy source.

Abstract: A controllable electron valve for controlling an energy delivered to a load circuit in response to an input power source, comprising a power controller for controlling a voltage across said load circuit, an input current being introduced to said power controller via an input voltage (V.sub.IN) electrode, said input current being generated by said input power source, said input current including a load current and an internal current (I.sub.IN), said load current being output by said power controller to said load circuit, I.sub.IN being output via a switching output; a current controller for maintaining I.sub.IN at a constant value, said current controller having an output coupled to a ground, having an input, and having at least one current control electrode; a voltage threshold controller for outputting a threshold current, said voltage threshold controller having at least one input and at least one output; and a current separator for controlling the passage of I.sub.

Abstract: A controllable electron valve for controlling an energy delivered to a load circuit in response to an input power source, comprising a power controller for controlling a voltage across said load circuit, an input current being introduced to said power controller via an input voltage (V.sub.IN) electrode, said input current being generated by said input power source, said input current including a load current and an internal current (I.sub.IN), said load current being output by said power controller to said load circuit, I.sub.IN being output via a switching output, a current controller for maintaining I.sub.IN at a constant value, said current controller having an output coupled to a ground, having an input, and having at least one current control electrode; a voltage threshold controller for outputting a threshold current, said voltage threshold controller having at least one input and at least one output; and a current separator for controlling the passage of I.sub.