Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions comprising isolated, single stranded RNA molecules and pharmaceutically acceptable carriers suitable for injection. The present invention relates to methods for stimulating an immune response and treating tumors. The present invention further relates to kits comprising a cancer vaccine and compositions of the present invention for use as an adjuvant to cancer vaccines.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition comprising an isolated, single stranded RNA molecule having a nucleotide sequence comprising 20 or more bases and a pattern of CpG dinucleotides defined by a strength of statistical bias greater than or equal to zero, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier suitable for injection. The present invention also relates to a kit comprising a cancer vaccine and the composition of the present invention as an adjuvant to the cancer vaccine. The present invention further relates to a method of treating a subject for a tumor and a method of stimulating an immune response.

Abstract: Systems and methods for determining the likely responsiveness of a human cancer subject to a checkpoint blockade immunotherapy regimen are provided. Sequencing reads are obtained from samples from the subject representative of the cancer. A human leukocyte antigen type and a plurality of clones is determined from the sequencing reads. For each clone, an initial frequency X? in the one or more samples is determined and a corresponding clone fitness score of the clone is computed, thereby computing clone fitness scores. Each such fitness score is computed by identifying neoantigens in the respective clone, computing a recognition potential for each neoantigen, and determining the corresponding clone fitness score of the respective clone as an aggregate of these recognition potentials. A total fitness, quantifying the likely responsiveness of the subject to the regimen, is computed by summing the clone fitness scores across the plurality of clones.