Abstract: A method for detecting obstacles for a rail vehicle includes capturing 3D image data from an area surrounding the rail vehicle and generating 2D image data from the 3D image data. Rails are detected and localized in the 2D image data. Depth data are determined in the 2D image data based on the 3D image data. The 2D image data are divided into linear image segments, each having a rail section with a constant depth. A depth value of a pixel of a linear image segment outside the rails is then compared with the respective depth value of the rails. If the difference between the depth value of the pixel and the depth value of the rails exceeds a threshold value, the pixel is part of an object projecting above the level of the terrain. Depending on its position and/or movement, the object is considered a potential collision obstacle.

Abstract: A method creates a training data set for optical railway detection with integrated obstacle detection. The method includes the following steps of: providing first images of railways for rail vehicles, each first image having a representation of a railway; providing second images of objects, each second image containing a representation of at least one object; combining the first and second images; and generating third images containing the combined first and second images. Each third image contains a representation of a railway with at least one object, and a number of the third images forming the training data set for the optical railway detection with integrated obstacle detection.

Abstract: A method of producing a forming tool for producing a complex formed part with a target geometry by performing a drawing type of forming pro cess on a workpiece, wherein the forming tool has an active surface that engages the workpiece to be formed including determining an active-surface geometry specification for the active surface; and producing the active surface according to the active-surface geometry specification.

Abstract: The invention provides a protocol for pasteurizing mother's milk that maximizes the retention of protein bioactivity while removing effective amounts of dangerous bacteria. This includes an optimal temperature at which the milk is held during pasteurization, as well as a very rapid rise to and then fall off from that holding temperature. The invention also provides a method for adjusting the fat content of mother's milk. This includes a method to standardize the energy content of mother's milk by adjusting the fat content by separating the milk contents, as by centrifuging, into at least fat and skim milk layers. The volume of skim milk is adjusted to meet the desired fat concentration, i.e., skim is removed to increase, or added to decrease.