Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure are presented for systems and methods for identifying characteristics of a return pad in a monopolar electrosurgical system using contact quality monitoring (CQM) and near field communication (NFC) signals. In some aspects, resistance or impedance materials are sensed that may help identify what kind of return pad is being used, including what is the structure of the pad. In some aspects, NFC signals are used to identify characteristics of the return pad. In some aspects, the grounding or return pad may include two separate materials that form an interconnecting or interwoven mesh and both act as non-active electrodes when both contact the patient. A non-zero impedance may separate conductive lines connecting the two separate materials that may be analyzed to obtain a defining signature about that is linked to structural characteristics about the return pad.

Abstract: A firearm training system includes a practice barrel assembly. The practice barrel assembly is configured and dimensioned to replace the factory barrel of the firearm. The practice barrel assembly includes a processor, a radio transmitter, a firing pin strike sensor and a rechargeable battery. The processor is in wireless communication with an electronic device, such as a smart phone. To initiate a practice drill, the electronic device provides a start signal to the user and, simultaneously, an electronic timer is started. In response to the start signal, the user performs a practice drill that includes a dry fire of the firearm. The firing pin strike sensor detects the dry fire of the firing pin, which causes the stop of the electronic timer. The electronic device then displays the elapsed time between the start signal and the stop of the electronic timer.

Abstract: A firearm training system includes a practice barrel assembly. The practice barrel assembly is configured and dimensioned to replace the factory barrel of the firearm. The practice barrel assembly includes a processor, a radio transmitter, a firing pin strike sensor and a rechargeable battery. The processor is in wireless communication with an electronic device, such as a smart phone. To initiate a practice drill, the electronic device provides a start signal to the user and, simultaneously, an electronic timer is started. In response to the start signal, the user performs a practice drill that includes a dry fire of the firearm. The firing pin strike sensor detects the dry fire of the firing pin, which causes the stop of the electronic timer. The electronic device then displays the elapsed time between the start signal and the stop of the electronic timer.

Abstract: A firearm training system includes a practice round and a practice barrel. The practice barrel is configured and dimensioned to replace the factory barrel of the firearm. Prior to performing a practice drill, a user loads the practice round into the chamber of the practice barrel similar to a live round. After a short delay, the electronic device provides a start signal to the user and, simultaneously, an electronic timer is started. In response to the start signal, the user performs the practice drill that ends with the firing pin of the firearm striking the practice round in response to a trigger pull. The practice round senses the strike of the firing pin and stops the electronic timer. The electronic device then displays the elapsed time between the start signal and the strike of the firing pin on the practice round.

Abstract: A practice round is provided for use with an electronic device, such as a smart phone, to allow a user to time firearm practice drills without using live ammunition. Prior to performing a practice drill, the user loads the practice round into the chamber of the firearm similar to a live round. After a short delay, the electronic device provides a start signal and simultaneously starts an electronic timer. In response to the start signal, the user performs the practice drill which ends with the firing pin of the firearm striking the practice round in response to a trigger pull. The practice round senses the strike of the firing pin and stops the electronic timer. The electronic device then displays the elapsed time between the start signal and the strike of the firing pin on the practice round.