Abstract: First and second superconductive sensors receive an electromagnetic signal. The first and second superconductive sensors are spaced apart such that there is a phase difference between the electromagnetic signal as received at the first and second superconductive sensors. The first and second superconductive sensors output respective first and second voltage signals corresponding to the electromagnetic signal as received by the first and second superconductive sensors. A nonlinear detector detects a voltage difference between the first and second voltage signals and provides an output signal representing the detected voltage difference. The output signal corresponds to the phase difference between the electromagnetic signal as received at the first and second superconductive sensors.

Abstract: A system includes a substrate having a high-temperature superconductor compound film disposed thereon. A first superconducting region is formed within the film and has a first stabilized oxygen content. A second superconducting region is also formed within the film and is located adjacent to the first superconducting region. The second superconducting region has a second stabilized oxygen content. A boundary region is formed within the film and separates the first superconducting region from the second superconducting region. A voltage source is connected to the first superconducting region and the second superconducting region. The boundary region emits electromagnetic radiation responsive to an applied voltage from the voltage source to one of the first superconducting region and the second superconducting region. A current flows from the first superconducting region to the second superconducting region, or vice versa, responsive to the applied voltage.

Abstract: First and second superconductive sensors receive an electromagnetic signal. The first and second superconductive sensors are spaced apart such that there is a phase difference between the electromagnetic signal as received at the first and second superconductive sensors. The first and second superconductive sensors output respective first and second voltage signals corresponding to the electromagnetic signal as received by the first and second superconductive sensors. A nonlinear detector detects a voltage difference between the first and second voltage signals and provides an output signal representing the detected voltage difference. The output signal corresponds to the phase difference between the electromagnetic signal as received at the first and second superconductive sensors.

Abstract: A system is provided for use with an optical input signal for detecting a phase difference between a first RF signal having a first phase and a second RF signal having a second phase. The system includes and optical waveguide, a first optical resonant cavity, a first RF receiver, a second optical resonant cavity and a second RF receiver. The optical resonant cavities include a non-linear electro-optical material. The first RF receiver affects the first non-linear electro-optical material of the first optical resonant cavity. The second RF receiver affects the second non-linear electro-optical material of first optical resonant cavity. The optical waveguide outputs an optical output signal based on the optical input signal as modified by the first optical resonant cavity as affected by the first RF receiver receiving the first RF signal and as modified by the second optical resonant cavity as affected by the second RF receiver.

Abstract: A system includes a substrate, a high-temperature superconductor compound film disposed on the substrate, an array of superconducting regions formed within the film, a plurality of Josephson junctions formed within the film, where each Josephson junction of the plurality of Josephson junctions is formed between adjacent superconducting regions within the array of superconducting regions, and a voltage source connected to the array of superconducting regions. The plurality of Josephson junctions are separated by a distance such that they emit coherent radiation in the terahertz frequency range responsive to a voltage applied to the array of superconducting regions.

Abstract: A superconducting material having a strong magnetic-flux pinning by way of sites having high electronic effective mass and charge carrier density. The superconducting material involves a superconducting host material and a dopant pinning material being inert in relation to the superconducting host material and has a ?{square root over (?)}/m* in a range less than that of the superconducting host material, the dopant pinning material doping the superconducting host material.

Abstract: A method includes providing a film having an initial uniform oxygen state on a substrate and annealing the film in a thermal gradient annealing device while applying a steady-state thermal gradient and a uniaxial pressure until the film comprises two or more discrete regions, where at least one of the regions has a final stabilized oxygen state different from the initial uniform oxygen state. The film is a high-temperature compound belonging to the class of compounds having a compositional form of R1?yMyBa2Cu3?zTzOx, where 6?x?7, where 0?y?1, where 0?z?1, where R comprises at least one of a rare earth and calcium, where M comprises at least one of a rare earth distinct from that of R and calcium if absent from R, where T comprises at least one of cobalt (Co), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn).

Abstract: A method includes providing a film of a high-temperature superconductor compound on a substrate, where a portion of the film has a first oxygen state, and exposing a portion of the film to a focused ion beam to create a structure within the film. The structure may result from the portion of the film being partially or completely removed. The structure may be a trench along the length or width of the film. The method may include annealing the exposed portion of the film to a second oxygen state. The oxygen content of the second oxygen state may be greater or less than the oxygen content of the first oxygen state.

Abstract: A High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) Superconducting Quantum Interference Device and methods for fabrication can include at least one bi-Superconducting Quantum Interference Device. The bi-SQUID can include an HTS substrate that can be formed with a step edge. A superconducting loop of YBCO can be deposited on the step edge to establish two Josephson Junctions. A superconducting path that bi-sects the superconducting loop path can also be deposited onto the substrate. In some embodiments, the bisecting path can cross the step edge twice, and the bisecting path can be ion milled at one of the crossing points to round the bisecting path and thereby remove the fourth Josephson Junction at the other crossing point. In still other embodiments, the bisecting path can be completely on the upper shelf (or the lower shelf), and the bisecting path can be ion damaged, ion damaged, or particle damaged, to establish the third Josephson Junction.

Abstract: A Josephson junction device and methods for manufacture can include an untwinned YBa2Cu3Ox nanowire having crystallographic a- and b-axes. The nanowire can be established from YBa2Cu3Ox film (6.0?x?7.0) using a photolithography process, followed by an ion milling process, to yield the YBa2Cu3Ox nanowire. The crystallographic b-axis of the nanowire can be parallel to the long dimension of the nanowire. First and second gate structures can be placed on opposite sides of the nanowire across from each other, to establish first and second microgaps. A gate voltage can be selectively applied across the first and said second gate structures, which can further establish a selective electric field across the first and second microgaps. The electric field can be parallel to the nanowire crystallographic a-axis, to selectively cause an at will Josephson junction effect.

Abstract: A High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) Superconducting Quantum Interference Device and methods for fabrication can include at least one bi-Superconducting Quantum Interference Device. The bi-SQUID can include an HTS substrate that can be formed with a step edge. A superconducting loop of YBCO can be deposited on the step edge to establish two Josephson Junctions. A superconducting path that bi-sects the superconducting loop path can also be deposited onto the substrate. In some embodiments, the bisecting path can cross the step edge twice, and the bisecting path can be ion milled at one of the crossing points to round the bisecting path and thereby remove the fourth Josephson Junction at the other crossing point. In still other embodiments, the bisecting path can be completely on the upper shelf (or the lower shelf), and the bisecting path can be ion damaged, ion damaged, or particle damaged, to establish the third Josephson Junction.

Abstract: A High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) Superconducting Quantum Interference Device and methods for fabrication can include at least one bi-Superconducting Quantum Interference Device. The bi-SQUID can include an HTS substrate that can be formed with a step edge. A superconducting loop of YBCO can be deposited on the step edge to establish two Josephson Junctions. A superconducting path that bi-sects the superconducting loop path can also be deposited onto the substrate. In some embodiments, the bisecting path can cross the step edge twice, and the bisecting path can be ion milled at one of the crossing points to round the bisecting path and thereby remove the fourth Josephson Junction at the other crossing point. In still other embodiments, the bisecting path can be completely on the upper shelf (or the lower shelf), and the bisecting path can be ion damaged, ion damaged, or particle damaged, to establish the third Josephson Junction.

Abstract: An electromagnetic signal is received at first and second Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) SQUID arrays. The first and second SQUID arrays output respective voltage signals corresponding to the electromagnetic signal as received at the first and second SQUID arrays. The first and second SQUID arrays are spaced apart such that there is a phase difference between the electromagnetic signal as received at the first and second SQUID arrays. The phase difference results in a voltage amplitude difference. At least one of the voltage signals is applied to at least one reference optical signal input into an electro-optical device to modify the reference optical signal. The modified optical signal output by the electro-optical device includes a change compared to the reference optical signal. The change is indicative of the phase difference in the electromagnetic signal as received at the first and second SQUID arrays.

Abstract: Blockchain-based systems and methods incorporate secure wallets; enhanced, randomized, secure identifiers for uniquely identifying discrete items; and cryptographically secure time-stamped blockchains. Role-based secure wallets include private cryptographic keys for digitally signing transactions for recording in a blockchain. Operations to be performed using role-based wallet can be permitted or restricted based on privileges associated with the respective wallets. Multiple blockchains can also be used to track transactions involving different units of account, for example, a measurement of a discrete product being transferred and an associated value of the transaction.

Abstract: A High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) Superconducting Quantum Interference Device and methods for fabrication can include at least one bi-Superconducting Quantum Interference Device. The bi-SQUID can include an HTS substrate that can be formed with a step edge. A superconducting loop of YBCO can be deposited on the step edge to establish two Josephson Junctions. A superconducting path that bi-sects the superconducting loop path can also be deposited onto the substrate. In some embodiments, the bisecting path can cross the step edge twice, and the bisecting path can be ion milled at one of the crossing points to round the bisecting path and thereby remove the fourth Josephson Junction at the other crossing point. In still other embodiments, the bisecting path can be completely on the upper shelf (or the lower shelf), and the bisecting path can be ion damaged, ion damaged, or particle damaged, to establish the third Josephson Junction.

Abstract: Systems and methods for providing augmented beacons are described. In one implementation, an augmented beacon server receives a definition of an augmented beacon defining a geographical area of interest, where digital content is associated with the augmented beacon. Based on a determination that a target device is within the geographical area of interest of the augmented beacon, the augmented beacon server provides an unique identifier associated with the augmented beacon to the target device, where the unique identifier comprises an indication that the digital content associated with the augmented beacon can be displayed by the target device.

Abstract: Systems and methods for providing augmented beacons are described. In one implementation, an augmented beacon server receives a definition of an augmented beacon defining a geographical area of interest, where digital content is associated with the augmented beacon. Based on a determination that a target device is within the geographical area of interest of the augmented beacon, the augmented beacon server provides an unique identifier associated with the augmented beacon to the target device, where the unique identifier comprises an indication that the digital content associated with the augmented beacon can be displayed by the target device.

Abstract: Systems and methods for providing augmented beacons are described. In one implementation, an augmented beacon server receives a definition of an augmented beacon defining a geographical area of interest, where digital content is associated with the augmented beacon. Based on a determination that a target device is within the geographical area of interest of the augmented beacon, the augmented beacon server provides an unique identifier associated with the augmented beacon to the target device, where the unique identifier comprises an indication that the digital content associated with the augmented beacon can be displayed by the target device.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing untwinned YBCO film can include the initial the step of depositing YBCO film on a substrate having a first end and second end. A temperature gradient can be established from the first end to the second end, which can establish an oxygen gradient in the YBCO film. A uniaxial pressure can further be established the film, in the same direction as the temperature gradient, form the first end to the second end. When the uniaxial pressure is established simultaneously with the temperature gradient, the result can be an untwinned YBCO film.

Abstract: A device includes at least one superconducting tunnel junction having a junction region comprising a junction barrier material responsive to electromagnetic fields within the MHz to THz range. The junction may be contained within a bi-SQUID loop having two main junctions and a center junction. The junction barrier material for the main junctions may have different electromagnetic-responsive properties than the junction barrier material for the center junction. The junction barrier material may include type-I multiferroics, type-II multiferroics, a composite multiferroic including layers of magnets and ferroelectrics, or piezoelectric materials. An array of connected bi-SQUID loops may be formed, where the main junctions of each bi-SQUID loop in each row are connected. The electromagnetic-responsive properties of the junction barrier material for center junctions of each bi-SQUID loop may vary by each array column or row. The center/main junctions of each bi-SQUID loop may be connected to an input signal line.