Abstract: Disclosed herein are fluoride-containing ammonium salts and methods of production and uses thereof. For example, methods of producing ammonium fluoride by combining a material comprising a fluorosilicate with an amine are disclosed. In some examples, the material comprising a fluorosilicate comprises a waste product, such as a waste product from ore processing (e.g., phosphate ore processing), fertilizer production, and/or aluminum production and/or refinement.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are silicates and/or salts and methods of production and uses thereof. For example, methods of producing an amorphous silicate and/or a salt from materials comprising silicates are disclosed. As another example, use of silicates and/or salts in the formation of cementitious materials is also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for converting metal carbonate salts to metal hydroxides are disclosed. The methods involve electrochemical production of hydrogen ions (H+) for decarbonating the metal carbonate salt to generate metal ions in a chemical compartment of the electrochemical cell. The metal ions are transported to a cathode compartment where they combine with hydroxide (OH?) to form metal hydroxides. The methods and apparatus may be applied to produce calcium hydroxide which may be used as a precursor for cement clinker. In some embodiments electrochemically produced hydrogen and oxygen are burned to produce heat for production of cement clinker.