Abstract: A multistage method for making a homopolymer or copolymer of an alpha-olefin having increased stiffness and broadened molecular weight distribution.

Abstract: An olefin polymerization catalyst system comprises a solid, hydrocarbon-insoluble, magnesium-containing, titanium-containing, electron donor-containing component; an alkyl aluminum compound; and organosilane compound selected from the group consisting of branched C.sub.3 -C.sub.10 alkyl-t-butoxydimethoxysilanes.

Abstract: The process and the system are used for carrying out the quench-cooled, vapor-phase polymerization of olefin monomer in a horizontally disposed reactor vessel which comprises contacting olefin monomer, or a mixture of olefin monomers, with a polymerization catalyst system in the presence of hydrogen in the reactor vessel to form a polymer product. The improvement comprises introducing a titanium-containing catalyst component of the catalyst system into the top side of the reactor vessel at a point adjacent to the upstream end of the reactor vessel and introducing a cocatalyst plus modifer component of the catalyst system into the top side of the reactor vessel at a distance, downstream of the point of introduction of the titanium-containing catalyst component, which is equal to 25% of the inside diameter of the reactor vessel.

Abstract: An olefin polymerization catalyst system comprises a solid, hydrocarbon-insoluble, magnesium-containing, titanium-containing, electron donor-containing component; an alkyl aluminum compound; and organosilane compound selected from the group consisting of diisobutyldimethoxysilane, diisopropyldimethoxysilane, t-butyltrimethoxysilane and di-t-butyldimethoxysilane, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: An exhaustively prepolymerized supported olefin polymerization catalyst component comprises solid, hydrocarbon-insoluble, magnesium-containing, titanium-containing catalyst particles which have been contacted with an olefin monomer and an organo-aluminum co-catalyst under exhaustive prepolymerization conditions at an Al/Ti atomic ratio such that the weight of prepolymer formed is less than 10 times the weight of such catalyst particles and the resulting prepolymerized catalyst particles essentially are inactive to further polymerization.

Abstract: A catalyst system especially suited for polymerizing alpha-olefins in the gas-phase to polymers containing essentially no active chloride comprises (A) a titanium-containing component supported on a hydrocarbon-insoluble magnesium-containing compound in combination with an electron donor compound and (B) a co-catalyst comprising (a) at least one trialkylaluminum compound (b) an aromatic acid ester and (c) an unhindered secondary amine, optionally reacted with a dialkylaluminum hydride, in substantial absence of compounds containing an Al-Cl bond.

Abstract: A propylene polymerization catalyst comprises (a) a titanium-containing component formed by reducing titanium tetrachloride with an aluminum alkyl, optionally contacting the resulting reduced solid with a pretreatment amount of alpha-olefin monomer under polymerization conditions, and reacting the resulting product with a Lewis base complexing agent and additional titanium tetrachloride, and (b) an alkyl aluminum halide having a halogen/aluminum atomic ratio between 0.89 and 0.98 and preferably between 0.92 and 0.98.

Abstract: Hydrogen peroxide production by oxidation of a 2-alkyl-9,10-dihydroxyanthracene, especially the 2-(t-butyl) compound, and catalytic hydrogenation of the resulting 2-alkylanthraquinone back to the dihydroxy compound, using a water-insoluble (bipyridyl) rhodium complex as hydrogenation catalyst. Especially such process carried continuously in a cell in which an organic phase is separated by a porous membrane from an aqueous phase, and the anthraquinone is hydrogenated on the organic side of the cell and hydrogen peroxide is obtained from the aqueous phase. Preferably the rhodium complex is formed with a bipyridyl ligand attached to polystyrene beads, whereby to assure that rhodium is not carried into the hydrogen peroxide production side of the cell.

Abstract: An oxidation process in which a metal nitro complex transfers an oxygen atom from the nitro ligand to a substrate; especially such process conducted cyclically or catalytically using molecular oxygen as the oxygen source. Metal nitrosyl complex is formed as a coproduct together with an oxidation product of the substrate. In a cyclic process, nitrosyl ligand of the metal nitrosyl coproduct is reoxidized by molecular oxygen in presence of a monodentate base such as pyridine to nitro ligand; and the nitro complex, thus regenerated, can be used again to oxidize the substrate. In a catalytic process, using an activator such as a Lewis acid with alcohols or divalent palladium with olefins, elemental oxygen maintains a concentration of nitro ligand in the reaction mixture. In particular the metal is a Group VIII metal, especially cobalt and the ligand is saloph or tetraphenylporphyrin.

Abstract: A process of reacting in the liquid phase a hexacoordinated ruthenium(II) complex with oxygen in the presence of a source of hydrogen ions under conditions forming hydrogen peroxide and the corresponding hexacoordinated ruthenium(III) complex and reacting the hexacoordinated ruthenium(III) complex with hydrogen sulfide to form elemental sulfur and regenerate the hexacoordinated ruthenium(II) complex, the hexacoordinated ruthenium(III) complex having a reduction potential of not more than +0.68. Five or six of the ligands of the ruthenium complexes are non-labile in both valence states.

Abstract: A new liquid phase oxidation process in which a metal nitro complex transfers an oxygen atom from the nitro ligand to a substrate; especially such process conducted cyclically or catalytically using molecular oxygen as the oxygen source. Metal nitrosyl complex is formed as a coproduct together with an oxidation product of the substrate. In a catalytic process, molecular oxygen maintains a concentration of nitro ligand in the reaction mixture. In a cyclic process, nitrosyl ligand of the metal nitrosyl coproduct is reoxidized by molecular oxygen in presence of a monodentate base such as pyridine to nitro ligand; and the nitro complex, thus regenerated, can be used again to oxidize the substrate, In particular the metal is a Group VIII metal, especially cobalt and the nitro complex is pyridine cobalt nitro saloph. To accelerate oxidation of the substrate at given temperature, a cocatalyst is included in the reaction mixture, e.g.