Abstract: A breathing apparatus is disclosed that may include a member operatively arranged with a valve mechanism with a threshold pressure. The breathing apparatus may further include an acoustic apparatus, membrane, chromogenic material, or moveable element that may be configured, with or without a valve mechanism, to respond when the pressure within the member is greater than the threshold pressure. The valve mechanism of the breathing apparatus may be configured to respond when the absolute pressure within the member is greater than a threshold pressure. The breathing apparatus may be configured such that the threshold pressure of the valve mechanism is adjustable or to permit substitution of the valve mechanism. A breathing exercise system may include at least two breathing exercise apparatuses.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed in which a user performs head and neck exercises with head and neck exercise apparatuses. The head and neck exercise apparatus may include a moveable element that is displaced by tongue movement to a predetermined distance or with a predetermined force. The moveable element or another component of the head and neck exercise apparatus may be configured to generate audible, visible, or vibratory feedback. The head and neck exercise apparatus may be configured such that the moveable element is modifiable.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed in which a user performs breathing exercises with breathing exercise systems. The breathing exercise systems may include at least two different breathing apparatuses. Each breathing apparatus may include a member operatively arranged with a valve mechanism with a threshold pressure. The valve mechanism of each breathing apparatus may be configured to respond when the absolute pressure within the member is greater than a threshold pressure. Each breathing apparatus may be configured such that the threshold pressure of the valve mechanism is modifiable. The at least two breathing apparatuses may define a combined housing.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed in which a user performs breathing exercises with breathing apparatuses. The breathing apparatus may include a member operatively arranged with a valve mechanism with a threshold pressure. The valve mechanism of the breathing apparatus may be configured to respond when the absolute pressure within the member is greater than a threshold pressure. The breathing apparatus may be configured such that the threshold pressure of the valve mechanism is modifiable.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed in which a user performs breathing exercises with breathing apparatuses. The apparatus may include a member operatively arranged with an airflow resistance mechanism. The breathing apparatus may further include a chromogenic material, membrane, visual signal, airflow meter, acoustic device, or moveable element that may be configured to respond when the airflow or airflow rate is greater than a threshold airflow or threshold airflow rate, respectively. The breathing apparatus may be configured such that the airflow resistance mechanism is modifiable. The airflow resistance mechanism may provide a constant or variable airflow resistance during the performance of the exercise.

Abstract: A system for fixing a spatial relationship between medical instruments can include an interlock component including a body defining an aperture to receive and retain a first needle, a head connected to the body and defining a slot extending parallel to the aperture, and a first magnet at least partially surrounded by the head and disposed between the aperture and the slot. The system can also include a handle to receive and retain a second needle, the handle defining a retaining feature for receiving a portion of the interlock component and including a second magnet positioned adjacent to the retaining feature. The second magnet attracts the first magnet to retain the portion of the interlock component in the retaining feature such that the interlock component is oriented in a desired spatial relationship relative to the handle.

Abstract: A system for fixing a spatial relationship between medical instruments can include an interlock component including a body defining an aperture to receive and retain a first needle, a head connected to the body and defining a slot extending parallel to the aperture, and a first magnet at least partially surrounded by the head and disposed between the aperture and the slot. The system can also include a handle to receive and retain a second needle, the handle defining a retaining feature for receiving a portion of the interlock component and including a second magnet positioned adjacent to the retaining feature. The second magnet attracts the first magnet to retain the portion of the interlock component in the retaining feature such that the interlock component is oriented in a desired spatial relationship relative to the handle.

Abstract: An adapter configured to engage with a hand held computer device to allow a camera on the hand held computer device to take a high quality image of an eye. The adapter allows for high quality imaging of the anterior portion of the eye and the posterior portion of the eye. The adapter can include additional modular components such as an optical pathway enclosure and a beamsplitter module.

Abstract: An adapter configured to engage with a hand held computer device to allow a camera on the hand held computer device to take a high quality image of an eye. The adapter allows for high quality imaging of the anterior portion of the eye and the posterior portion of the eye. The adapter can include additional modular components such as an optical pathway enclosure and a beamsplitter module.

Abstract: An adapter configured to engage with a hand held computer device to allow a camera on the hand held computer device to take a high quality image of an eye. The adapter allows for high quality imaging of the anterior portion of the eye and the posterior portion of the eye. The adapter can include additional modular components such as an optical pathway enclosure and a beamsplitter module.