Abstract: Methods and apparatus inject noise into a substance, detect the combination of the noise and the signal emitted by the substance, adjust the noise until the combination signal takes on the characteristic of the signal generated by the substance through stochastic resonance, and apply such characteristic signals to responsive chemical, biochemical, or biological systems. The generated signal may be stored, manipulated, and/or transmitted to a remote receiver.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for interrogating a sample that exhibits molecular rotation are disclosed. In practicing the method, the sample is placed in a container having both magnetic and electromagnetic shielding, and Gaussian noise is injected into the sample. An electromagnetic time-domain signal composed of sample source radiation superimposed on the injected Guassian noise is detected, and this signal is used to generate a spectral plot that displays, at a selected power setting of the Gaussian noise source, low-frequency spectral components characteristic of the sample in a selected frequency range between DC and 50 kHz. In one embodiment, the spectral plot that is generated is a histogram of stochastic resonance events over the selected frequency range. From this spectrum, one or more low-frequency signal components that are characteristic of the sample being interrogated are identified.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for detecting a selected material in a sample are disclosed. In the method, the sample is placed adjacent a detector coil, for generating an electromagnetic time-domain signal composed of sample source radiation. The signal is first conditioned to convert the signal to an amplified conditioned signal from which frequency components above a selected frequency have been removed, then filtered to selectively pass low-frequency spectral components that are (i) in a frequency range between dc and 50 khz, and (ii) characteristic of the selected material. The filtered signal is cross-correlated with a data set of low-frequency spectral components that are (i) in a frequency range between dc and 50 khz, and (ii) characteristic of a selected material, to produce a frequency-domain spectrum in the frequency range within DC to 50 khz.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for interrogating a sample that exhibits molecular rotation are disclosed. In practicing the method, the sample is placed in a container having both magnetic and electromagnetic shielding, and Gaussian noise is injected into the sample. An electromagnetic time-domain signal composed of sample source radiation superimposed on the injected Guassian noise is detected, and this signal is cross-correlated with a second time-domain signal produced by the same or similar sample, to produce a cross-correlated signal with frequency domain components. The latter is plotted in the frequency domain by a fast Fourier transform to produce a frequency domain spectrum in a frequency range within DC to 50 KHz. From this spectrum, one or more low-frequency signal components that are characteristic of the sample being interrogated are identified.