Abstract: An apparatus and method for deactivating coronavirus from a liquid having entrained coronavirus. The apparatus comprises a nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) generator which imparts nsPEF energy to the through the solution to the coronavirus. The nsPEF disrupts the viral membrane, deactivating the virus. The apparatus may be static using a reservoir for batch treatment of viral solution, or may be dynamic using a closed loop for continuous treatment of viral solution. Total energy input may be less than 3500 kVns providing an efficient and effective process. The method and apparatus according to the present invention advantageously avoid boiling.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for deactivating coronavirus from a liquid having entrained coronavirus. The apparatus comprises a nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) generator which imparts nsPEF energy to the through the solution to the coronavirus. The nsPEF disrupts the viral membrane, deactivating the virus. The apparatus may be static using a reservoir for batch treatment of viral solution, or may be dynamic using a closed loop for continuous treatment of viral solution. Total energy input may be less than 3500 kVns providing an efficient and effective process. The method and apparatus according to the present invention advantageously avoid boiling.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for deactivating coronavirus from a liquid having entrained coronavirus. The apparatus comprises a nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) generator which imparts nsPEF energy to the through the solution to the coronavirus. The nsPEF disrupts the viral membrane, deactivating the virus. The apparatus may be static using a reservoir for batch treatment of viral solution, or may be dynamic using a closed loop for continuous treatment of viral solution. Total energy input may be less than 3500 KVns providing an efficient and effective process. The method and apparatus according to the present invention advantageously avoid boiling.

Abstract: Systems and methods of fixing biological cells by laser irradiation. A method according to one embodiment of the present invention includes positioning a sample (of the cell or tissue) in a light pathway of a fixation source. The fixation source configured to emit electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength along the light pathway. The sample is exposed to the electromagnetic radiation for an exposure time.

Abstract: Systems and methods of fixing biological cells by laser irradiation. A method according to one embodiment of the present invention includes positioning a sample (of the cell or tissue) in a light pathway of a fixation source. The fixation source configured to emit electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength along the light pathway. The sample is exposed to the electromagnetic radiation for an exposure time.

Abstract: Systems and methods of fixing biological cells by laser irradiation. A method according to one embodiment of the present invention includes positioning a sample (of the cell or tissue) in a light pathway of a fixation source. The fixation source configured to emit electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength along the light pathway. The sample is exposed to the electromagnetic radiation for an exposure time.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to systems, devices, and methods of sensing an analyte. An implantable sensor may be contacted with a test sample under conditions that permit a binding protein and a ligand of the sensor to interact in an analyte-dependent manner to produce an analyte-dependent signal, and (b) detecting the analyte-dependent signal with a detector. A binding protein may reversibly bind an analyte and/or a ligand. A binding protein may have a higher binding affinity for an analyte than for a ligand. A binding protein and a ligand may each include a fluorophore, the absorption and/or emission properties of which may change in an analyte-dependent manner. A binding protein and/or a ligand may be bound to an active or inactive substrate. Some embodiments of systems, devices, and methods may be practiced in vitro, in situ, and/or in vivo. Systems and/or devices of the disclosure may be configured to be wearable.