Abstract: There is provided an apparatus including receiving, at a second node, a signal including contributions of at least one backscatter signal and at least one further signal, the at least one backscatter signal being transmitted by a respective at least one passive device in response to a first node transmitting a first signal to the at least one passive device; isolating the contribution of the at least one backscatter signal from the at least one further signal; and based on the contribution of the at least one backscatter signal, determining, by the second node, one or more parameters associated with the respective at least one passive device.

Abstract: An apparatus, method and computer program is described comprising: receiving downlink positioning signals from each of a plurality of communication nodes of a mobile communication system at a user device of the mobile communication system, wherein each downlink positioning signal is received from a downlink beam direction for the respective communication node; determining an angle of arrival and/or a time of arrival for each of the received downlink positioning signals; and determining an uplink positioning signal beam configuration based, at least in part, on the determined angle of arrival and/or the determined time of arrival for said received downlink positioning signals.

Abstract: The present subject matter relates to an apparatus configured for: receiving a request from a user equipment to transmit calibration signals, allocating a set of resources for the transmission of the calibration signals, sending a message to the user equipment, the message indicating the set of resources, performing interference cancellation for detecting data signals received in accordance with the set of resources.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods, devices and computer readable media for adaptive configuration of multistatic harmonic tag backscatter. A network device transmits, to an illuminator for a passive tag, a request for transmitting an activation signal to a passive tag at a primary frequency and a first transmission power. The network device receives, from the illuminator, information about a harmonic frequency of a harmonic of the activation signal back-scattered from the passive tag, a received level of the harmonic and a distance between the illuminator and the passive tag. The network device selects at least one reader for the passive tag. The network device configures the illuminator to transmit the activation signal to the passive tag at the primary frequency. The network device configures the at least one reader to receive the harmonic of the activation signal at the harmonic frequency.

Abstract: Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to positioning enhancements. A first device receives, from a second device, first configuration information of a first set of passive radios for transmitting a plurality of first target signals in response to receiving a plurality of first reference signals from a third device. The first device receives, from the third device, at least one first reference signal. Upon receiving the at least one first reference signal, the first device receives, based on the first configuration information, the plurality of first target signals from the first set of passive radios. The first device transmits, to the second device, measurements related to the at least one first reference signal and the plurality of first target signals for positioning the first device. In this way, non-LoS detection for positioning is enabled, and the positioning accuracy is improved.

Abstract: A method comprises: determining, from an indication that an initial uplink beam between a user equipment and a network node is misaligned with respect to a downlink beam between the network node and the user equipment, at least one misalignment angle between the initial uplink beam and the downlink beam; and reconfiguring the uplink beam based on the misalignment angle to produce a reconfigured uplink beam.

Abstract: Based on a configuration of a pre-allocated sequence of first SSBs of a first predetermined number, which comprise second SSBs of a second predetermined number and third SSBs of a third predetermined number, a network apparatus of an access network of a cellular communication system determines (S503) a usage for resources associated with the third SSBs. According to the configuration of the pre-allocated sequence of first SSBs, the second SSBs are to be utilized in a beam management procedure including an initial access procedure and the third SSBs are not necessarily to be utilized in the beam management procedure including the initial access procedure which enables UEs to gain initial access to the cellular communication system via the access network. The network apparatus broadcasts (S505) the usage in the beam management procedure.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to UL-based and DL-based positioning in a wireless communication network. A method comprises: determining, by a first device, an estimation of a propagation delay for a first reference signal to be transmitted from a second device; in accordance with a determination that the estimation of the propagation delay exceeds a threshold delay, determining a target period within a symbol on which at least a part of the first reference signal is transmitted; and performing positioning measurements on the first reference signal within the target period. As such, the receiver is capable of applying an adaptive and adjustable window for receiving different positioning reference signals (PRSs) depending on various conditions and situations. In this way, the PRS measurement performance and the positioning accuracy can be greatly improved.

Abstract: An apparatus, method and computer program product for: selecting (405), based on at least one first criterion, a set of antenna elements, determining (410) a radio beam codebook comprising a plurality of radio beam configurations for the set of antenna elements, determining (415) a radiation pattern obtainable based on the radio beam codebook, determining (420), based on the obtainable radiation pattern, a radio beam configuration that fulfills a second criterion, and applying (425) the radio beam configuration to a radio beam provided by the set of antenna elements.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method comprising obtaining a first positioning reference signal configuration from at least a first serving access node (330) and a first neighbour access node (320) comprised in a first network, wherein the apparatus (310) is associated with a first network subscription to the first network, determining first positioning information by receiving a first positioning reference signal based on the obtained first positioning reference signal configuration, obtaining a second positioning reference signal configuration from a second serving access node (360) and a second neighbour access node (350) in a second network, wherein the apparatus is further associated with a second network subscription to the second network, determining second positioning information by receiving a second positioning information reference signal based on the obtained second positioning reference signals, estimating clock frequency difference between the first network and the second network and determining an offset betwe

Abstract: An apparatus comprises means for: determining that one or more antenna elements of an antenna array are being disrupted; and updating one or more parameters associated with one or more antenna elements in response to determining that one or more antenna elements of said array are being disrupted.

Abstract: An apparatus, method and computer program is described comprising: determining, using a first passive module, whether one or more of a first plurality of frequency ranges is occupied, wherein each of the first plurality of frequency ranges has one of a first set of one or more bandwidths; determining, using a second passive module, whether one or more of a second plurality of frequency ranges is occupied, wherein each of the second plurality of frequency ranges has one of a second set of one or more bandwidths, and wherein a smallest bandwidth amongst the second set of bandwidths is larger than a largest bandwidth amongst the first set of bandwidths; and triggering an active module in the event that one or more of the first plurality of frequency ranges is determined to be occupied and none of said second plurality of frequency ranges is determined to be occupied, wherein the active module comprises a radio detector for detecting a target waveform.

Abstract: According to an aspect, there is provided an apparatus for a first terminal device. The apparatus is configured to perform the following. The apparatus transmits (301) a first uplink reference signal at a first transmission time instance measured according to a local reference clock of the first terminal device. The apparatus applies (302) a frequency shift to a frequency of the local reference clock at a frequency-shift time instance measured according to the local reference clock and following the first transmission time instance. Based on the first transmission time instance, a second transmission time instance for an upcoming transmission of a second uplink reference signal, the frequency shift and the frequency-shift time instance, the apparatus calculates (303) a shift of transmission timing for the upcoming transmission.

Abstract: According to an aspect, there is provided an apparatus for a radio frequency front end of a beamforming transmitter or transceiver. The apparatus comprises a dual-polarized antenna element (222) for reception of electromagnetic waves transmitted by an antenna array (221) of the radio frequency front end and subsequently reflected from at least one obstruction. The dual-polarized antenna element comprises first and second feed points (223, 224) for reception of a first polarization and of a second polarization. The apparatus further comprises a switch for switching between reception of the first polarization via the first feed point and the second polarization via the second feed point.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and computer program is described comprising: obtaining samples of received positioning information from each of a plurality of channels; identifying one or more of said channels as benchmark channels; determining a benchmark channel response representative of channel propagation conditions for the or each benchmark channel; generating a common benchmark channel response based on said benchmark channel responses; estimating channel responses for some or all non-benchmark channels; modifying positioning information samples of at least some of the non-benchmark channels to generate corrected positioning information samples; and combining the positioning information samples of said one or more benchmark channels and the one or more corrected positioning information samples to generate combined positioning information samples.

Abstract: User equipment (UE) may be provided that includes means for: reporting at least one candidate CSI beam index to a network to avoid and/or mitigate a maximum permissible exposure (MPE) event; wherein the user equipment associates at least one candidate antenna of the user equipment to the at least one candidate CSI beam index. An apparatus may also be provided that includes means for: creating a first mapping of antennas to downlink path delay intervals using a wider beam downlink reference signal; creating a second mapping of downlink path delay intervals to downlink spatial filters using different narrower beam reference signals; and controlling the selection of an antenna based on second mapping.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising means for: determining orientation of the apparatus; receiving reference signals of a non-serving cell; measuring signal quality of the non-serving cell for a beam that is used for the serving cell; determining based on the orientation of the apparatus a first antenna gain index for the non-serving cell with said beam in response to adding the non-serving cell as a secondary cell in multi-carrier connectivity with a serving cell using the same antenna configuration for shaping an antenna beam that provides a spatial filter; and transmitting to a base station of the serving cell in-formation on said determined first an-tenna gain.

Abstract: In order to reduce power consumption of a wireless communication apparatus without unduly increasing latency a way of triggering activation of a transceiver on the apparatus is provided that uses different forms of wakeup signals and corresponding forms of wakeup signal detectors. This allows the transceiver to operate in a discontinuous receiving mode, with the different wakeup signal receivers detecting for wakeup signals at different times the times being indicated to the apparatus by a wakeup signal pattern sent by the network.

Abstract: An apparatus, method and computer program is described comprising: receiving, at a user device, a downlink reference signal from a communication node of a mobile communication system, wherein the downlink reference signal is received by one of a plurality of beams of a receiver of the user device in accordance with a configured beam alignment; determining whether to initiate beam switching to reconfigure the beam alignment at said receiver based, at least in part, on a signal power of the received downlink reference signal; and determining, in the event that beam switching is to be initiated, whether to initiate communication node assisted beam switching or non-communication node assisted beam switching.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for dynamic antenna array angular phase deviation compensation for broad beam positioning. For example, certain embodiments may provide for multi-round trip time (multi-RTT) positioning where a user equipment (UE) may report time of departure (TOD) compensation values to a serving gNB and/or location management function (LMF). The LMF may calibrate the RTT computation with the received TOD compensation values. As another example, certain embodiments may provide for uplink time difference of arrival (UL-TDOA) positioning where an LMF may signal calculated assistance information to the UE to request time of departure TOD compensation values. The UE may report the TOD compensation values to a location management function (LMF), and the LMF may compensate initial relative time of arrival (RTOA) estimates using the TOD compensation values.