Abstract: Grafted polymers which are the reaction products of: (a) (Meth)acrylic acid and (b) Non-symmetric maleates according to general formula (I), in which R1 stands for a linear or branched alk(en)yl radical having 1 to 22 carbon atoms and 0 or 1 double bond, while n and m independently represent integers between 0 and 200, on condition that the sum (n+m) is different from 0 are disclosed. Methods of making and using the grafted polymers are also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods suitable for selecting optimal defoamers for use in fermentation processes are described wherein the methods comprise: (a) determining an amount of each of two or more defoamers which provides a requisite dynamic surface tension of at most 50 mN/m at a particular frequency in a fermentation medium; and (b) selecting the defoamer which provides the requisite dynamic surface tension at the lowest amount. Methods for controlling foam by determining and adjusting dynamic surface tension are also described.

Abstract: A process for inhibiting a liquid hydrocarbon from foaming involving: (a) providing a liquid hydrocarbon; (b) providing a defoamer additive containing: (i) an ester corresponding to formula (I) R1—COO—R2??(I) wherein R1 and R2 are, independent of each other, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched alkyl radicals having from about 6 to 16 carbon atoms, as a defoamer; and (ii) optionally, a co-defoamer selected from the group consisting of a non-alkoxylated ester of a polyol having from about 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and from about 2 to 4 OH groups, a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched fatty acid having from about 8 to 24 carbon atoms, and mixtures thereof; and (c) adding a foam-inhibiting effective amount of (b) to (a).

Abstract: Granulated solids containing at least (A) a compound of the general formula RO-[G]p, in which R represents an alkyl and/or alkenyl radical with 4 to 22 carbon atoms, G represents a sugar radical with 5 or 6 carbon atoms, and p represents numbers from 1 to 10, and (B) water-soluble, nonionic, homopolymeric and/or copolymeric compounds, wherein the monomers are selected from compounds of the formula R1R2C?CR3X, in which R1, R2, and R3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic alkyl radical with 1 to 4 C atoms or an acryl radical possibly containing N or O atoms and X represents a group OR4, OCOH, OCOY, OCOR5, CONR6, CN, NR72, NH—CO—R8, wherein the radicals R4 to R8 independently represent a hydrogen atom or saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched aliphatic or aromatic organic radicals with 1 to 22 C atoms, and Y represents a cation, unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, preferably maleic acid or aspartic acid and derivatives thereof, isocyanates, polyols, amino acids, and sugars, and also

Abstract: An agricultural pesticide composition containing: (a) from about 20 to about 99% by weight of a solvent corresponding to formula I: R1-(EO)x-(PO)y-R2 ??(I) wherein R1 is an alkyl group having from about 6 to about 18 carbon atoms, x is a number from 1 to about 20, y is a number up to about 10, and R2 is either —OH or —COOH; and (b) a biologically active ingredient.

Abstract: Methods suitable for selecting optimal defoamers for use in fermentation processes are described wherein the methods comprise: (a) determining an amount of each of two or more defoamers which provides a requisite dynamic surface tension of at most 50 mN/m at a particular frequency in a fermentation medium; and (b) selecting the defoamer which provides the requisite dynamic surface tension at the lowest amount. Methods for controlling foam by determining and adjusting dynamic surface tension are also described.

Abstract: A microemulsion composition is provided for use as an adjuvant with agrochemicals, comprising an oil phase component, a hydrophilic emulsifier, a lipophilic co-emulsifier and water.

Abstract: A herbicidal agent comprising: (1) water; (2) ioxynil and/or a derivative thereof; (3) a compound of the formula (I) RO—(CH2H4O)n(CH3H6O)m—R′  (I) wherein RO is an alcohol radical selected from the group consisting of branched or linear, saturated or unsaturated monohydric alcohols having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a polyol radical having from 2 to 12 carbon atoms and from 2 to 6 hydroxyl groups; R′ is hydrogen or an ester group —CO—R″ wherein R″ is a branched or linear, saturated or unsaturated alkyl radical having 5 to 29 carbon atoms, n is a number between 1 and 50 and m is zero or a number between 1 and 10. The herbicidal agents permit high penetration of the herbicide into the plant.

Abstract: Herbicidal preparations which contain: (a) water; (b) a bromoxynil component; and (c) at least one compound corresponding to the general formula (I): RO—(C2H4O)n(C3H6O)m—R′  (I) wherein RO represents an alcohol moiety selected from the group consisting of C1-6 monohydric alcohols, and C2-12 polyols having from 2 to 6 hydroxyl groups; n represents a number of from 1 to 50; m represents a number of from 0 to 10; and wherein each R′ represents a substituent independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and an ester group of the general formula, —CO—R″, wherein each R″ independently represents an alkyl group having from 5 to 29 carbon atoms; with the proviso that at least one R′ represents —CO—R″, are described.

Abstract: PIT emulsions containing pesticides are comprised of: (a) from about 1% to about 20% by weight of a pesticide; (b) from about 5% to about 15% by weight of a nonionic emulsifier; (c) from about 0 to about 40% of a nonpolar solvent. These emulsions exhibit improved storage stability and higher activity compared with conventional pesticide emulsions.

Abstract: The invention relates to aqueous agents containing ioxynil or the derivatives thereof and compounds of general formula (I) in which: RO represents an alcohol residue selected from the group of branched or linear, saturated or unsaturated monohydric alcohols with 1 to 6 C atoms or of polyols with 2 to 12 C atoms and 2 to 6 hydroxyl groups; R′ represents hydrogen and/or an ester group —CO—R″, in which R″ represents a branched or liner, saturated or unsaturated alkyl residue with 5 to 29 C atoms; n is a number between 1 and 50, and; m is either equal to zero or to a number between 1 and 10. The inventive agents exhibit an increased level of penetration of the active substance into plants.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for defoaming liquid hydrocarbons, whereby these vinyl alkylether polymerizates of general formula (I), in which R represents a saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched alkyl radical with 2 to 18 C atoms, and n represents a number >1, are added in quantities ranging from 1 to 2000 ppm.

Abstract: The invention relates to an aqueous means containing bromoxynil or the derivatives thereof. The invention also relates to compounds of the general formula (I): RO—(C2H4O)n(C3H6O)m—R′, wherein RO stands for an alcohol radical selected from the group of the branched or linear, saturated or unsaturated, monovalent alcohols having 1 to 6 C atoms or of the polyols having 2 to 12 C atoms and 2 to 6 hydroxyl groups and R′ stands for hydrogen and/or an ester group —CO—R″, wherein R″ means a branched or linear, saturated or unsaturated alkyl radical having 5 to 29 C atoms, n is a number between 1 and 50 and m is zero or a number between 1 and 10. An increased amount of the active agent penetrates the plant.

Abstract: The invention concerns in particular a composition for a softening lotion used in fiber treatment. In the invention, the lotion composition is aqueous and liquid at a temperature of at least 5° C. and comprises, as active substances: (a) one or more saturated linear fatty alcohols having at least 16 carbon atoms, and (b) one or more waxy esters having a total of at least 24 carbon atoms. The application of the invention is to the manufacture of fibrous products such as disposable absorbent paper products.