Abstract: Various non-limiting embodiments disclosed herein relate to ophthalmic devices comprising photochromic materials having extended pi-conjugated systems. For example, various non-limiting embodiments disclosed herein provide a photochromic material, such as an indeno-fused naphthopyran, which comprises a group that extends the pi-conjugated system of the indeno-fused naphthopyran bonded at the 11-position of thereof. Further, the photochromic materials according to certain non-limiting embodiments disclosed herein may display hyperchromic absorption of electromagnetic radiation as compared to conventional photochromic materials and/or may have a closed-form absorption spectrum that is bathochromically shifted as compared to conventional photochromic materials. Other non-limiting embodiments relate to methods of making the ophthalmic devices comprising photochromic materials.

Abstract: Various non-limiting embodiments disclosed herein relate to photochromic materials having extended pi-conjugated systems, such as an indeno-fused naphthopyran, which comprises a group that extends the pi-conjugated system of the indeno-fused naphthopyran bonded at the 11-position thereof. Further, the photochromic materials according to certain non-limiting embodiments disclosed herein may display hyperchromic absorption of electromagnetic radiation as compared to conventional photochromic materials and/or may have a closed-form absorption spectrum that is bathochromically shifted as compared to conventional photochromic materials. Other non-limiting embodiments relate to photochromic compositions and photochromic articles, such as optical elements, made using the disclosed photochromic materials, and methods of making the same.

Abstract: Photochromic materials comprising indeno-fused naphthopyrans having a first electron-withdrawing substituent and, in certain non-limiting embodiments, a second electron-withdrawing substituent are disclosed. The photochromic materials according to the various embodiments may display faster fade rates, bathochromic shift, and higher performance ratings compared to comparable indeno-fused naphthopyrans without the electron-withdrawing substituents. Photochromic compositions and articles, such as optical elements, incorporating the photochromic materials are also disclosed.

Abstract: Various non-limiting embodiments disclosed herein relate to ophthalmic devices comprising photochromic materials having extended pi-conjugated systems. For example, various non-limiting embodiments disclosed herein provide a photochromic material, such as an indeno-fused naphthopyran, which comprises a group that extends the pi-conjugated system of the indeno-fused naphthopyran bonded at the 11-position of thereof. Further, the photochromic materials according to certain non-limiting embodiments disclosed herein may display hyperchromic absorption of electromagnetic radiation as compared to conventional photochromic materials and/or may have a closed-form absorption spectrum that is bathochromically shifted as compared to conventional photochromic materials. Other non-limiting embodiments relate to methods of making the ophthalmic devices comprising photochromic materials.

Abstract: Various non-limiting embodiments disclosed herein relate to photochromic materials having extended pi-conjugated systems. For example, various non-limiting embodiments disclosed herein provide a photochromic material, such as an indeno-fused naphthopyran, which comprises a group that extends the pi-conjugated system of the indeno-fused naphthopyran bonded at the 11-position thereof. Further, the photochromic materials according to certain non-limiting embodiments disclosed herein may display hyperchromic absorption of electromagnetic radiation as compared to conventional photochromic materials and/or may have a closed-form absorption spectrum that is bathochromically shifted as compared to conventional photochromic materials. Other non-limiting embodiments relate to photochromic compositions and photochromic articles, such as optical elements, made using the disclosed photochromic materials, and methods of making the same.

Abstract: Described are compositions of at least one material represented by a pyrano[3,2-c]quinoline structure, a pyrano[3,2-c]quinolinone structure or mixtures thereof. The pyrano[3,2-c]quinoline structure is characterized by having a nitrogen atom at the 6-position ring atom and an oxy-substituent at the 5-position ring atom. The pyrano[3,2-c]quinolinone structure is characterized by having a substituted nitrogen atom at the 6-position ring atom and an oxo-substituent at the 5-position ring atom, the nitrogen atom substituents being hydrogen, aliphatic substituents, cycloaliphatic substituents, aromatic substituents, heteroaromatic substituents or a combination thereof. Both of the pyrano[3,2-c]quinoline and pyrano[3,2-c]quinolinone structures are characterized by having two substituents at the 2-position ring atom. Also described are photochromic articles that contain or that have coatings or films containing at least one of the novel compositions or combinations thereof with other photochromic materials.

Abstract: Described are compositions of at least one material represented by a pyrano[3,2-c]quinoline structure, a pyrano[3,2-c]quinolinone structure or mixtures thereof. The pyrano[3,2-c]quinoline structure is characterized by having a nitrogen atom at the 6-position ring atom and an oxy-substituent at the 5-position ring atom. The pyrano[3,2-c]quinolinone structure is characterized by having a substituted nitrogen atom at the 6-position ring atom and an oxo-substituent at the 5-position ring atom, the nitrogen atom substituents being hydrogen, aliphatic substituents, cycloaliphatic substituents, aromatic substituents, heteroaromatic substituents or a combination thereof.

Abstract: Compounds containing a tetradecachlorocyclohexasilane dianion are prepared by contacting trichlorosilane with a reagent composition comprising a tertiary polyamine. The compound ?pedeta.SiH.sub.2 Cl.sup.+1 !.sub.2 ?Si.sub.6 Cl.sub.14.sup.-2 ! wherein pedeta is N,N,N',N",N"-pentaethyldiethylenetriamine is prepared by contacting trichlorosilane with pedeta. The compound ?Ph.sub.4 P.sup.+1 !.sub.2 ?Si.sub.6 Cl.sub.14.sup.-2 ! is prepared by contacting trichlorosilane with a mixture of N,N,N',N'-tetraethylethylenediamine and triphenylphosphonium chloride. The tetradecachlorocyclohexasilane dianion can be chemically reduced to cyclohexasilane, a compound useful in the deposition of amorphous silicon films. The tetradecachlorcyclohexasilane dianion can also be contacted with a Grignard reagent to form a dodecaorganocyclohexasilane.