Abstract: Inactivated antigens have only been used in avian medicine in parenterally administered vaccines. The only mucosally administered vaccines have been live, modified live, or attenuated vaccines. However, live vaccines have several disadvantages, including the risk of causing disease. Disclosed embodiments concern a composition comprising inactivated bacterial and/or viral antigens that is formulated for mucosal administration to an avian, and a method of using the composition. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises inactivated Clostridium perfringens type A antigens, and/or Salmonella spp. antigens, such as antigens from Salmonella kentucky, Salmonella typhimurium, and/or Salmonella enteriditis, or E. coli antigens. The composition may comprise a polyacrylic acid adjuvant. The composition may be administered to an avian in ovo, during the first 14 days after hatching, or after the first 14 days.

Abstract: An illustrated view of an exemplary backpack for providing alerts and notification of specific events and information. The backpack is useful for providing an alert or notification to a user of the backpack of important items to remember to take at the end of a day. The backpack is also useful for reminders to eat, hydrate and directions for hikers and/or backpackers. Further the backpack is useful setting reminders for various events and thus removing the need for an additional reminder device. The backpack has an electronic system that can alert the user of the various events and activities further, the electronic system is coupled to an external light to visibly alert the user. The electronic system may further alert the user by audio voice or sounds.

Abstract: The present invention encompasses recombinant bacteria and immunogenic compositions comprising the bacteria. The immunogenic composition may be used to induce an immune response against C. perfringens.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a recombinant bacterium that is capable of eliciting an immune response against at least two enteric pathogens, without substantially inducing an immune response specific to the serotype of the bacterium. The invention also relates to methods of making such a bacterium and vaccines and methods of using such a bacterium.

Abstract: The present invention encompasses recombinant bacteria and immunogenic compositions comprising the bacteria. The immunogenic composition may be used to induce an immune response against C. perfringens.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a recombinant bacterium that is capable of eliciting an immune response against at least two enteric pathogens, without substantially inducing an immune response specific to the serotype of the bacterium. The invention also relates to methods of making such a bacterium and vaccines and methods of using such a bacterium.