Abstract: A composition comprising medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) wherein the composition comprises (i) a MCT comprising three fatty acid moieties each with 8 carbon atoms (MCT-C8) and (ii) a MCT comprising three fatty acid moieties each with 10 carbon atoms (MCT-C10); wherein the ratio of MCT-C8 to MCT-C10 is from 10:90 to 90:10 (mol/mol) and wherein the combined amount of MCT-C8 and MCT-C10 make up at least 50 mol % of the MCTs in the composition.

Abstract: A composition comprising medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) wherein the composition comprises (i) a MCT comprising three fatty acid moieties each with 8 carbon atoms (MCT-C8) and (ii) a MCT comprising three fatty acid moieties each with 10 carbon atoms (MCT-C10); wherein the ratio of MCT-C8 to MCT-C10 is from 10:90 to 90:10 (mol/mol) and wherein the combined amount of MCT-C8 and MCT-C10 make up at least 50 mol % of the MCTs in the composition.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions containing at least one N-acetyl cysteine and at least one nicotinamide riboside for use in methods of prevention and/or treatment of neurological disease and/or conditions. In one embodiment of the invention, said compositions of the invention maintain or improve brain function, in particular brain energy deficits. In another embodiment of the invention, compositions of the invention improve neurological recovery and regeneration after injury or surgery. In another embodiment of the invention compositions of the invention may be used in methods to prevent and/or treat neurological diseases and/or conditions and/or recovery after injury or surgery.

Abstract: Methods improve cognitive functioning, for example, at least one of episodic memory, executive function, or language skills; supporting memory and/or recall; providing energy and/or ketones to the brain; and/or preventing and/or treating mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in an individual. A composition comprising medium chain triglycerides (MCTs) can be administered to the individual in a daily dosage providing from about 15 g to about 45 g MCTs. The MCTs can include from about 51 wt % to about 90 wt % of octanoic acid. The daily dose can be provided in at least two servings, for example, 2 or 3 servings. Each serving can provide about 15 g MCTs and can include octanoic acid and decanoic acid in a weight ratio of, for example, about 60:about 40. The individual can be 65 years or older and/or have mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Abstract: Compositions and methods can use a combination of an autophagy inducer, such as spermidine, and high protein for induction of autophagy in an individual in need thereof. Preferably, a formulation containing a combination of an autophagy inducer and high protein is administered to the individual in an amount effective to induce autophagy, for example in muscle. The formulation can concomitantly promote protein synthesis and removal of damaged cellular materials. The recipient of administration can be a critically ill patient, for example a patient in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), and/or an ageing patient, for example an elderly individual or an individual with sarcopenia.

Abstract: Use of a compound having the formula (1) (2) (3) or (4) or combinations thereof, for increasing blood ketone levels, and/or treating a disease treatable by increasing blood ketone levels, preferably wherein the disease is selected from the list consisting of: a brain energy deficiency condition, a neurological condition, migraine, memory disorder, age-related memory disorder, brain injury, stroke, amyloid lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, cognitive impairment, cognitive impairment post-intensive care, age-induced cognition impairment, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntingdon's disease, inherited metabolic disorders (such as glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome and pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency), depression, schizophrenia, epilepsy, narcolepsy, diabetes, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and polycystic ovary syndrome, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 are independently a long chain fatty acid having between 16 and 20 carbons.

Abstract: A method increases production of ketones derived from oral consumption of medium chain triglycerides (MCT) by an individual. The method includes orally administering to the individual a composition containing the MCTs and then subsequently orally administering to the individual a meal at least about ten minutes after the oral administration of the composition containing the MCTs and within about one hour of the oral administration of the composition containing the MCTs. For example, the meal can be administered about thirty minutes after the administration of the composition containing the MCTs. The ketone production is increased relative to ketone production from oral administration of the MCTs and the meal at approximately the same time. The meal can be breakfast. The composition containing the MCTs can be a liquid oral nutritional supplement (ONS) providing incomplete nutrition.

Abstract: A method reduces postprandial glucose from a meal. The method includes orally administering to an individual a composition containing medium chain triglycerides (MCT) and then subsequently orally administering the meal to the individual after the oral administration of the composition containing the MCTs and within about one hour of the oral administration of the composition containing the MCTs. For example, the meal can be administered about thirty minutes after the administration of the composition containing the MCTs. The postprandial glucose is reduced relative to postprandial glucose from (i) postprandial glucose from administration of an identically formulated composition containing MCTs at approximately the same time as the administration of the meal and (ii) postprandial glucose from administration of the meal without any MCTs within about one hour before or within about one hour afterward.

Abstract: A composition comprising a compound having the formula (1), (2), (3), (4) or combinations thereof, wherein n1, n2, n3, n4, n5 and n6 are independently 4 to 10.

Abstract: A composition can treat or prevent at least one physical state selected from the group consisting of oxidative stress, a condition associated with oxidative stress, a reduced level of glutathione, and a condition associated with a reduced level of glutathione. The composition contains an effective amount of a combination of a Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+) precursor and at least one ketone or ketone precursor. The composition can be an enterally administered composition such as an orally administered food product or food supplement.

Abstract: A composition effective for treating or preventing a condition for which extended exposure to ketones is beneficial contains medium chain triglycerides (MCTs) and also contains proteins in a weight ratio of at least 0.1 g protein/1.0 g of the compound. Other aspects are directed to a method of extending blood exposure to ketones derived from oral absorption of a food product by an individual; a method of improving or maintaining at least one of neurologic health, cognitive function, or exercise performance; and a method of making the composition.

Abstract: A composition comprising medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) wherein the composition comprises (i) a MCT comprising three fatty acid moieties each with 8 carbon atoms (MCT-C8) and (ii) a MCT comprising three fatty acid moieties each with 10 carbon atoms (MCT-C10); wherein the ratio of MCT-C8 to MCT-C10 is from 10:90 to 90:10 (mol/mol) and wherein the combined amount of MCT-C8 and MCT-C10 make up at least 50 mol % of the MCTs in the composition.

Abstract: A composition comprising medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) wherein the composition comprises (i) a MCT comprising three fatty acid moieties each with 8 carbon atoms (MCT-C8) and (ii) a MCT comprising three fatty acid moieties each with 10 carbon atoms (MCT-C10); wherein the ratio of MCT-C8 to MCT-C10 is from 10:90 to 90:10 (mol/mol) and wherein the combined amount of MCT-C8 and MCT-C10 make up at least 50 mol % of the MCTs in the composition.

Abstract: A composition can treat or prevent at least one physical state selected from the group consisting of oxidative stress, a condition associated with oxidative stress, a reduced level of glutathione, and a condition associated with a reduced level of glutathione, in particular neurodegenerative disease, depression, anxiety, decreased/low motivation, impaired cognitive function, mild cognitive impairment. The composition contains an effective amount of a combination of a Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+) precursor and at least one ketone or ketone precursor. The composition can be an enterally administered composition such as an orally administered food product or food supplement.

Abstract: Compositions and methods can use a combination of an autophagy inducer, such as spermidine, and high protein for induction of autophagy in an individual in need thereof. Preferably, a formulation containing a combination of an autophagy inducer and high protein is administered to the individual in an amount effective to induce autophagy, for example in muscle. The formulation can concomitantly promote protein synthesis and removal of damaged cellular materials. The recipient of administration can be a critically ill patient, for example a patient in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), and/or an ageing patient, for example an elderly individual or an individual with sarcopenia.

Abstract: Compositions and methods can use high protein for induction of autophagy in an individual in need thereof. Preferably, a formulation containing protein in an amount effective to induce autophagy, for example in muscle, is administered to the individual. The formulation can concomitantly promote protein synthesis and removal of damaged cellular materials. The recipient of administration can be a critically ill patient, for example a patient in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), and/or an ageing patient, for example an elderly individual or an individual with sarcopenia.

Abstract: A composition comprising medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) wherein the composition comprises (i) a MCT comprising three fatty acid moieties each with 8 carbon atoms (MCT-C8) and (ii) a MCT comprising three fatty acid moieties each with 10 carbon atoms (MCT-C10); wherein the ratio of MCT-C8 to MCT-C10 is from 10:90 to 90:10 (mol/mol) and wherein the combined amount of MCT-C8 and MCT-C10 make up at least 50 mol % of the MCTs in the composition.

Abstract: Compounds of formula in free or salt or solvate form, where Ar is a group of formula Y is carbon or nitrogen and R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, X, n, p, q and r are as defined in the specification, their preparation and their use as pharmaceuticals, particularly for the treatment of obstructive or inflammatory airways diseases.

Abstract: Compounds of formula I in free or salt or solvate form, wherein X has the meaning indicated in the specification, are useful for treating conditions that are prevented or alleviated by activation of the ?2-adrenoreceptor. Pharmaceutical compositions that contain the compounds and processes for preparing the compounds are also described.

Abstract: Compounds of formula in free or salt or solvate form, where Ar is a group of formula Y is carbon or nitrogen and R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, X, n, p, q and r are as defined in the specification, their preparation and their use as pharmaceuticals, particularly for the treatment of obstructive or inflammatory airways diseases.