Abstract: A multi-layer article includes a first layer that includes a first polyolefin resin powder and a second polyolefin resin powder that has been treated with a fluorine reaction gas. The multi-layer article also includes a second layer adhered to the first layer.

Abstract: The present invention describes a system for modifying polymer composite surfaces to achieve 100% adhesion to paints, coatings, adhesives, or inks. The adhesion modification technology overcomes the deficiencies of energy-based treatment technologies common with wood-like polymer composites produced using various types of fillers and reinforcements, and specifically those containing cellulose and lignin.

Abstract: A process for fluoro-oxidation of the surface(s) of an ECTFE substrate, film or three-dimensional object, and the surface-modified substrate, film or object produced thereby. The process includes exposing the surface(s) to concentrations of fluorine and oxygen for a time sufficient to increase the surface energy and thereby lower the surface contact angle sufficiently to permit bonding. The surface modification allows bonding to an adhesive with the adhesive being bondable to a plastic or metal substrate.

Abstract: A plastic article having a number of surfaces with at least one surface being modified by contacting that surface with a reactive gas atmosphere containing F.sub.2, Cl.sub.2, O.sub.2, Ozone, SO.sub.3, oxidative acids, or mixtures thereof, at a temperature and gas partial pressure sufficient to increase the surface energy of the at least one surface being modified to at least 40 dynes/cm at a temperature of 20.degree. C., to enhance bonding of non-slip polymer coatings to the modified surface, to which coatings elastomeric or rigid particles may be admixed for imparting a surface profile and increasing the coefficient of friction between the coated surface and the counter-surface.

Abstract: Rubber particles, to be used as fillers or extenders for various composite polymer systems, are chlorinated by a gas-solid phase reaction with a chlorine-containing gas. A composite polymer containing the chlorinated rubber fillers or extenders exhibits a higher flexural modulus than if prepared using an unchlorinated rubber filler or extender. Chlorination of the rubber particles is carried out by contacting the finely divided rubber particles with a chlorine-containing gas comprising at least about 5 volume percent chlorine. Advantageously, the chlorine can be diluted with air, nitrogen or other essentially inert gases and may contain minor amounts of fluorine. Improved performance is obtained with nitrogen dilution of the chlorine gas over air dilution. Improved polymer composite systems having higher flexural modulus result from the use of the chlorinated rubber particles as fillers instead of unchlorinated rubber particles.

Abstract: Rubber particles, to be used as fillers or extenders for various composite polymer systems, are chlorinated by a gas-solid phase reaction with a chlorine-containing gas. A composite polymer containing the chlorinated rubber fillers or extenders exhibits a higher flexural modulus than if prepared using an unchlorinated rubber filler or extender. Chlorination of the rubber particles is carried out by contacting the finely divided rubber particles with a chlorine-containing gas comprising at least about 5 volume percent chlorine. Advantageously, the chlorine can be diluted with air, nitrogen or other essentially inert gases and may contain minor amounts of fluorine. Improved performance is obtained with nitrogen dilution of the chlorine gas over air dilution. Improved polymer composite systems having higher flexural modulus result from the use of the chlorinated rubber particles as fillers instead of unchlorinated rubber particles.

Abstract: Rubber particles, to be used as fillers or extenders for various composite polymer systems, are chlorinated by a gas-solid phase reaction with a chlorine-containing gas. A composite polymer containing the chlorinated rubber fillers or extenders exhibits a higher flexural modulus than if prepared using an unchlorinated rubber filler or extender. Chlorination of the rubber particles is carried out by contacting the finely divided rubber particles with a chlorine-containing gas comprising at least about 5 volume percent chlorine. Advantageously, the chlorine can be diluted with air, nitrogen or other essentially inert gases and may contain minor amounts of fluorine. Improved performance is obtained with nitrogen dilution of the chlorine gas over air dilution. Improved polymer composite systems having higher flexural modulus result from the use of the chlorinated rubber particles as fillers instead of unchlorinated rubber particles.

Abstract: The present invention is a composite coating material and a process for making the same. The composite material comprises a latex polymeric material into which has been dispersed high molecular weight polyethylene particles which have been surface treated under conditions to render the surfaces hydrophilic. The surface treated polyethylene particles are dispersed into the latex polymeric material in a concentration range of 1-50 wt. % of the total composite. When applied to a substrate, the resultant composite coating material exhibits high abrasion resistance and very low coefficients of friction after abrasive wear.

Abstract: The present invention is a composite material and a process for making the same. The composite material comprises a thermoset or condensation polymeric material into which has been dispersed high molecular weight polyethylene particles which have been surface treated to have a surface tension of at least 40 dyne/cm at 20.degree. C. The polyethylene particles are dispersed into the thermoset or condensation polymeric material in a concentration range of 2-80 wt % and preferably from 4-66 wt % of the total composite. The resultant composite material exhibits high abrasion resistance and can easily be molded into end products.

Abstract: Ground polymeric elastomer or other polymeric plastic, particularly from recovered scrap, is surface modified by treatment with a gaseous mixture containing a minor amount of fluorine and a larger amount of at leasts one reactive gas in an inert gaseous carrier. By the treatment the ground material is made more compatible for admixture with polyfunctional polymer-forming liquids, thereby obtaining novel composites of controlled physical properties. The other reactive gas is preferably oxygen or one of the gases from the group consisting of: chlorine and SO.sub.2 with or without added oxygen.

Abstract: A process for making shaped articles by injecting a thermoplastic or thermoset polymer into a mold cavity in which is maintained a reactive atmosphere containing between 0.1 mole % and 50 mole % F.sub.2 and at least 20 ppm O.sub.2 while the polymer is being injected into the mold, such that any portion of the polymer contacts the reactive atmosphere for a time not greater than 0.5 sec.

Abstract: Ground polymer elastomer or other polymeric plastic, particularly from recovered scrap, is surface modified by treatment with a gaseous mixture containing a minor amount of fluorine and a larger amount of at least one reactive gas in an inert gaseous carrier. By the treatment the ground material is made more compatible for admixture with polyfunctional polymer-forming liquids, thereby obtaining novel composites of controlled physical properties. The other reactive gas is preferably oxygen or one of the gases from the group consisting of: chlorine and SO.sub.2 with or without added oxygen.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for improving the barrier properties of thermoplastic substrates. A surface of the thermoplastic substrate is contacted with a reactive gas stream having an F.sub.2 concentration greater than or equivalent to 0.0001 atm. partial pressure of F.sub.2 per atm. total pressure and sufficient oxygen such that the F.sub.2 /O.sub.2 ratio is less than or equal to about 100, with the remainder being additional reactive and/or non-reactive components. A barrier coating material is applied to the treated surface of the substrate and subsequently undergoes a curing step to form the final product.

Abstract: The present invention is a process for making shaped articles by injecting a thermoplastic or thermoset polymer into a mold cavity in which is maintained at atmosphere containing between 0.1 mole % and 50 mole % F.sub.2 and at least 20 ppm O.sub.2 while said polymer is being injected into the mold. The process results in shaped articles having altered physical and chemical characteristics. A weld line formed where two interfaces of the polymer are joined in the mold cavity serves as a clean break point when pressure is applied to an article formed by the process. The atmosphere in the mold cavity may contain SO.sub.3.

Abstract: In order to overcome the problems encountered in attempting to mix finely divided organic polymer materials into viscous polyol because of accompanying air entrainment, the polymer material is pretreated with a volatile liquid halocarbon or liquid hydrocarbon in an amount at least sufficient to wet the surfaces of the polymer particles. The halocarbon or hydrocarbon is one preferably otherwise employed as a blowing agent for the preparation of foamed resin polymers such as a polyurethane; particularly methylene chloride or a fluorocarbon (e.g. monofluorotrichloromethane). In accordance with an alternative embodiment the volatile treating liquid may be first mixed with the viscous polyol before addition of the ground material therein.

Abstract: A method is provided for determining the impermeability of a polymeric article to a fluid by the steps of:(a) allowing a permeant to diffuse through the polymeric article for a preselected period of time,(b) converting permeant, diffusing through the article, to an ion by a chemical reaction and(c) measuring the amount of ion formed quantitatively with an ion-selective electrode.A method is further provided wherein a polymeric article is exposed to a permeant for a fixed period of time; removed from contact with the permeant; exposed to a chemical which will convert permeant, back-diffusing through the polymeric article, to an ion; and quantitatively measuring the amount of thus-formed ion with a ion-specific electrode.

Abstract: The removal of paint from a support device for a product in a paint finishing operation is improved by using a support device with a critical surface tension such that paint adheres to the surface, yet readily fractures and debonds when treated with a cryogenic liquid. The paint is then removed by contacting the cryogenically treated support device with a non-metallic, non-silica base solid, gas or liquid with sufficient force to effectively remove the paint.

Abstract: A method is provided for distinguishing between a solid surface or object treated by exposure to a reactive gas to have a measurable impermeability to a nonpolar fluid and a surface or object permeable to the fluid by the steps of:(a) contacting the surface or object being tested with a dilute solution of crystal violet for a fixed period of time,(b) separating the surface or object from contact with crystal violet solution and(c) making a visual or instrumental determination of the extent to which crystal violet has adhered to and/or penetrated into the surface or object.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improvement for reducing the amount of wall fouling in the suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride. The improvement resides in wetting the reactor surface with a solution containing selenous acid prior to charging the vinyl chloride recipe to the reactor. Preferably, the surface of the resulting reactor is heated at a temperature of from 40.degree.-100.degree. C. prior to charging the recipe.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improvement for reducing the amount of wall fouling in the suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride. The improvement resides in wetting the reactor surface with a solution containing from 5 to 50 parts by weight of an alkali metal hydroxide prior to charging the vinyl chloride recipe to the reactor. Preferably, the surface of the resulting reactor is heated at a temperature of from 40.degree.-100.degree. C. prior to charging the recipe.