Abstract: An optical sensing system for sensing hydrogen in a fluid comprising a first optical sensor comprising a first optical fiber, wherein an end portion of the first optical fiber is coated with a first hydrogen-sensitive multilayer on an end surface perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the first optical fiber, the first multilayer being adapted to change its optical properties dependent on a hydrogen partial pressure in the fluid and dependent on a temperature of the fluid, with a known first characteristic; a second optical sensor comprising a second optical fiber, wherein an end portion of the second optical fiber is coated with a second hydrogen-sensitive multilayer on an end surface perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the second optical fiber, the second multilayer being adapted to change its optical properties dependent on the hydrogen partial pressure in the fluid and dependent on a temperature of the fluid, with a known second characteristic which is different from the first characteristic; at le

Abstract: An optical sensor for detecting hydrogen in a fluid in physical contact with the sensor is provided. The sensor includes an optical fiber, wherein an end portion of the optical fiber is coated with a multilayer including: a sensing layer, including a film of an alloy, the alloy including Mg, Ni, and M, wherein M is at least one of Zr, Ta, and Hf, and wherein the alloy has the composition MgxNiyMz, and wherein x is from 40 to 60, y is from 10 to 40, and z is from 10 to 40, and a catalyst layer including Pd. Further, a detection system for hydrogen, including such an optical sensor, and an electrical device having such a detection system are provided.

Abstract: An optical sensing system for sensing hydrogen in a fluid comprising a first optical sensor comprising a first optical fiber, wherein an end portion of the first optical fiber is coated with a first hydrogen-sensitive multilayer on an end surface perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the first optical fiber, the first multilayer being adapted to change its optical properties dependent on a hydrogen partial pressure in the fluid and dependent on a temperature of the fluid, with a known first characteristic; a second optical sensor comprising a second optical fiber, wherein an end portion of the second optical fiber is coated with a second hydrogen-sensitive multilayer on an end surface perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the second optical fiber, the second multilayer being adapted to change its optical properties dependent on the hydrogen partial pressure in the fluid and dependent on a temperature of the fluid, with a known second characteristic which is different from the first characteristic; at le

Abstract: A hydrogen sensor for detecting hydrogen in a fluid in physical contact with the sensor comprises a sensing element, a first protection layer, provided to prevent contact of the sensing element with a sensor poisoning gas in the fluid, wherein the first protection layer comprises PMMA. Further, a hydrogen detection system, an electrical device having such a system and a method for producing a sensor are provided.

Abstract: A single element thin-film device, a method for producing a thin-film device, a single element for detecting hydrogen absorption, a hydrogen sensor, and an apparatus for detecting hydrogen and to an electro-magnetic transformer comprising such sensor. A thin-film device comprises a substrate, an active sensing layer whose optical properties change depending on hydrogen content, and a protective layer on the active sensing layer.

Abstract: An optical sensor for detecting hydrogen in a fluid in physical contact with the sensor is provided. The sensor includes an optical fiber, wherein an end portion of the optical fiber is coated with a multilayer including: a sensing layer, including a film of an alloy, the alloy including Mg, Ni, and M, wherein M is at least one of Zr, Ta, and Hf, and wherein the alloy has the composition MgxNiyMz, and wherein x is from 40 to 60, y is from 10 to 40, and z is from 10 to 40, and a catalyst layer including Pd. Further, a detection system for hydrogen, including such an optical sensor, and an electrical device having such a detection system are provided.

Abstract: A thin film device includes an active layer (4), wherein the active layer has optical properties that change by adding and removing hydrogen, and includes a Mg-transition metal layer, or rare earth based layer, the active layer being provided on one side with a protective layer (3) that is hydrogen, oxygen and water vapor permeable and liquid water impermeable, and has hydrophobic surface properties. The thin film can further include a Pd catalyst layer (5) disposed between the active layer (4) and the protective layer (3). The thin film device can be used in a switchable mirror wherein the optical properties of the mirror can be changed by adding/removing hydrogen to/from the active layer.

Abstract: A switchable mirror device includes active layer (4) wherein the active layer changes its optical properties by adding/removal of hydrogen and includes a Mg-transition metal layer, or an Y or rare earth based layer the active layer being provided on one side with a further protective layer (3) including a hydrogen and oxygen permeable and water impermeable layer, characterized in that the layer is liquid water impermeable and water vapor permeable and has hydrophobic surface properties. A pd catalyst layer (5) may be disposed between the active layer (4) and the protective layer (3).

Abstract: Optical switching device comprising a substrate on which a magnesium transition metal layer such as a magnesium nickel metal layer is provided. At supplying of hydrogen the magnesium transition metal layer is, starting from the substrate, converted to a magnesium transition metal hydride layer. This has optical properties different from the magnesium transition metal layer. The change in optical properties viewed from the transparent substrate side can change from reflective to transparent wherein a black phase is in between. To obtain and maintain this black phase is relatively critical. However, there are many applications in which such a black phase could be very useful. In order to be able to obtain a stable black phase according to the invention it is proposed to have a relatively thin magnesium metal layer for example of 50 nm at the maximum and to provide an auxiliary layer on top of the magnesium transition metal layer.

Abstract: A device comprising semiconductor elements and conductor tracks of an oxidic superconductive material, electrically conductive connections being established between the semiconductor elements and the conductor tracks, is provided with an electrically conductive antidiffusion layer between the semiconductor elements and the conductor tracks. The antidiffusion layer consists of an amorphous alloy of two transition metals, which alloy has a crystallization temperature of at least 900 K. The amorphous alloy has the composition A.sub.x B.sub.1-x, wherein A is selected from Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb and Ta, wherein B is selected from Ir, Pd and Pt, and wherein x has a value from 0.4 to 0.8.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing a device comprising a film of an oxide superconducting material which comprises an alkaline earth metal, another metal component, copper and oxygen. A superconductor precursor material comprising copper oxide, alkaline earth metal fluoride and another metal or metal oxide, is provided on a substrate in the form of a film. The film is covered with a diffusion barrier against water in accordance with a pattern which is complementary to a desired pattern of superconducting material. Subsequently, the superconducting material is formed in the uncovered portions of the pattern by means of a treatment at an increased temperature in the presence of water and oxygen.