Abstract: A process for bleaching domestic laundry in a household wash cycle, comprising prewashing the laundry in an alkaline bath with a pH value between 9 and 13 and at a temperature between about 40.degree. C. and 70.degree. C. in the presence of at least one peroxide bleaching agent and an uncomplexed barium, said barium being present in an amount between about 0.5.times.10.sup.-3 and 250.times.10.sup.-3 gram-atoms per kg of bath.

Abstract: The cetane numbers of directly distilled diesel fuels are significantly improved by intimately contacting same with an effective amount of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a carboxylic acid, or with an effective amount of a percarboxylic acid either in the presence or absence of hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: The cetane numbers of viscoreduced diesel fuels are significantly improved by intimately contacting same with an effective amount of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a carboxylic acid, or with an effective amount of a percarboxylic acid either in the presence or absence of hydrogen peroxide; the final product diesel fuels are also effectively deodorized and decolorized.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of .alpha.-acetoxy-.alpha.-methyl-N,N'-diacetylmalonamide wherein hydrocyanic acid or a cyanide is reacted in a first step with acetic anhydride and then in a second step the reaction mixture so obtained is treated with acetic acid in the presence of an acid catalyst, wherein the first step is carried out in the presence of a catalyst based on anion exchange resins in which the functional groups are quaternary ammonium or tertiary amine, such .alpha.-acetoxy-.alpha.-methyl-N,N'-diacetylmalonamides being very useful as activators in bleaching and cleaning compositions which are thus active at lower temperatures.

Abstract: Storage stable anhydrous fluid detergent formulation with bleaching action for textile comprising, in the anhydrous state, hydrogen peroxide and the process for the preparation of these formulations.

Abstract: Bleaching of laundry using a peroxidized compound is carried out at a temperature of less than 70.degree. C. for less than 30 minutes in a bath which has a pH of 10.5 to 12.5 in the presence of 1.times.10.sup.-3 to 1.times.10.sup.-2 gram-atom of calcium or of barium per liter of bath and of a sequestrant for alkaline earth metal ions in a quantity equal or superior to that which corresponds to the sequestration of calcium or barium ions in solution in the bath; the calcium or the barium being introduced in the form of the oxide CaO or BaO; the hydroxide Ca(OH).sub.2 or Ba(OH).sub.2 ; or of a salt, the anion of which is inert towards hydrogen peroxide and which is accompanied by a quantity of sodium hydroxide equal to that required for the formation of calcium hydroxide or barium hydroxide.

Abstract: Bleaching laundry in a bath using a peroxidized compound characterized in that bleaching is carred out at a pH of between 10.5 and 12.5 in the presence of calcium peroxide (CaO.sub.2) as the peroxidized compound, introduced in the hydrated or the anhydrous form so that the quantity of calcium per liter of bath is between 1.times.10.sup.-3 and 1.times.10.sup.-2 gram-atom.

Abstract: A two-stage hydrogen peroxide bleaching treatment of chemical pulp at a temperature of about 90.degree.-100.degree. C. comprising subjecting said pulp in a first stage to hydrogen peroxide and to at least about 3 grams/1 of bath of a metal ion sequestering agent selected from nitrogen containing sequestering agents or agents derived from polyphosphoric or polyphosphonic acids at a pH of 8.5 to 9.5 so that hydrogen peroxide of about 0.3 to 2.5 wt. % relative to dry pulp weight is consumed, and subjecting said pulp in a second stage to hydrogen peroxide and to at least about 3.times.10.sup.-3 gram-atoms per 100 grams of dry pulp of magnesium in the form of magnesium hydroxide and a pH of at least about 11 so that about 2 to 5 weight % of hydrogen peroxide per weight of dry pulp is consumed during the two stages.

Abstract: The invention involves a process for bleaching domestic laundry in a domestic washing cycle, comprising prewashing the laundry in an alkaline bath with pH between 9 and 13 and at a temperature between about 40.degree. C. to 70.degree. C. in the presence of at least one peroxide bleaching agent and an uncomplexed calcium, said calcium being present in an amount between about 0.002% to 1% by weight of the bath.

Abstract: A composition for the alkaline bleaching of textiles during washing comprising a washing product and at least one peroxide derivative of the general formula: ##STR1## where R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, and R.sub.4 are hydrogen, a linear alkyl radical containing from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl or branched alkyl radical containing from 3 to 12 carbon atoms, or an aromatic hydrocarbon radical having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms; said radicals being unsubstituted or substituted by chlorine, bromine, fluorine, a nitro group, hydroxy group, alkoxy group, ethylenic derivatives, or carboxylic ester and R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 and/or R.sub.3 and R.sub.4, respectively, capable of forming only a single linear or branched radical having from 3 to 12 carbon atoms and the process of alkaline bleaching using the same.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of 3-cyano-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexanone from isophorone and cyanides, characterized by the fact that an organic phase containing the isophorone and an aqueous phase containing the cyanide are brought into contact in the presence of a catalytic amount of a phase transfer agent, such as quaternary ammonium or phosphonium salts.

Abstract: 5-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroanthraquinone, as a new industrial product, is disclosed together with its preparation by reduction from 5-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroanthraquinone.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the preparation of mononitro derivatives of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-anthraquinone from 1,4,4a,9a-tetrahydro-anthraquinone, in which a thermal pretreatment of the 1,4,4a,9a-tetrahydro-anthraquinone is carried out in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst in an inert atmosphere and in the absence of oxidizing or reducing agents, the anthraquinone by-produced as well as the catalyst are separated and the mixture of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9,10-anthracenediol and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-anthraquinone obtained is subjected to a nitration reaction.

Abstract: Percompound activators comprising .alpha.-acyloxy-N-acylacetamides having the formula ##STR1## where R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, and R.sub.5 are hydrogen or hydrocarbon radicals optionally substituted by other groups, used to activate percompounds in oxidizing and bleaching of textile fibers, oils, fats, and waxes, for cosmetic hair and skin treatment, metal surface passivation, purification, disinfection, and sterilization, the activators providing more rapid action at a given temperature and being useful at lower temperatures.

Abstract: .alpha.-Acyloxy-N,N'-diacylmalonamides of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, and R.sub.4 are the same or different and are hydrogen, straight chain or branched alkyl radicals having from one to eleven carbon atoms, or hydrocarbon radicals with six to twelve carbon atoms and comprising at least one aromatic ring, are novel compounds prepared by the action of a mixture of carboxylic acids R.sub.3 COOH and R.sub.4 COOH upon an .alpha.-acyloxymalononitrile, R.sub.1 COO--C(CN).sub.2 --R.sub.2, in the presence of an acid catalyst and are useful as intermediates in organic synthesis and low temperature activators in bleaching or scouring compositions.

Abstract: Novel percompound activators having the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, and R.sub.6 are the same or different and are hydrogen or certain substituted or unsubstituted straight or branched chain alkyl radicals, cycloalkyl radicals, or hydrocarbon radicals containing at least one aromatic ring, or R.sub.5 and/or R.sub.6 are COR.sub.7, where R.sub.7 is hydrogen or certain substituted or unsubstituted straight or branched chain alkyl radicals or hydrocarbon radicals containing at least one aromatic ring, the activators producing more rapid bleaching or oxidation at a given temperature or the same bleaching effect at a lower temperature and being useful for bleaching textile fibers, oils, fats, and waxes; hair and skin treatment; metal surface passivation; or purifying, sterilizing and disinfecting techniques.