Abstract: The compositions described herein comprise oxygenated albumin in an aqueous sterile physiological or serum solution. The albumin is oxygenated to increase the oxygen content up to O2 saturation with clinically useful oxygen gas. The preferred oxygen-saturated preparations, containing albumin in concentrations from about 5% w/v to about 25% w/v, are useful as clinical resuscitation preparations that release oxygen in a pattern similar to the release of oxygen by whole blood.

Abstract: A readily dissolved carrier material having sufficient rigidity for administration of drugs, nutrients, vitamins, biologically-active materials, foodstuffs and combinations thereof capable of rapid dissolution by saliva, bodily fluids or other liquid comprising an interim skeletal structure of an ammoniated gel or foam forming material, preferably a proteinaceous material, such as gelatin, that has been ammoniated, rigidified such as with maltodextrin, in the ammoniated state and deammoniated to leave spaces in place of the frozen ammonia. On dissolution by saliva, bodily fluids or other liquids, the composition becomes a liquid system. While the oral route is preferred, other routes may be used to administer the compositions of this method.

Abstract: A readily dissolvable carrier material having sufficient rigidity for administration of drugs, nutrients, vitamins, biologically-active materials, foodstuffs and combinations thereof capable of rapid dissolution by saliva, bodily fluids or other liquid comprising an interim skeletal structure of a watersoluble, hydratable gel or foam forming material, preferably a proteinaceous material, such as with maltodextran, in the hydrated state and dehydrated to leave spaces in place of hydration water. On dissolution by saliva, bodily fluids or other liquids, the composition becomes a liquid system. While the oral route is preferred, other routes may be used to administer the compositions of this method.

Abstract: A readily dissolvable carrier material having sufficient rigidity for administration of drugs, nutrients, vitamins, biologically-active materials, foodstuffs and combinations thereof capable of rapid dissolution by saliva, bodily fluids or other liquid comprising an interim skeletal structure of a water-soluble, hydratable gel or foam forming material, preferably a proteinaceous material, such as gelatin, that has been hydrated, rigidified, such as with maltodextrin, in the hydrated state and dehydrated to leave spaces in place of hydration water. On dissolution by saliva, bodily fluids or other liquids. The composition becomes a liquid system. While the oral route is preferred, other routes may be used to administer the compositions of this method.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a composition of matter useful as an oral dosage form of insulin based upon a two phase liquid aqueous system in which insulin component or components are incorporated. The invention also provides for a method of preparing the oral dosage form of insulin, as well as a further process whereby sustained release dosage forms of oral insulin are produced. The oral form of insulin eliminates or reduces the need to use injection as a mode of administering insulin.

Abstract: Drug delivery compositions yeild new and unexpected degrees of stabilization, solubilization and delivery of incorporated medicaments, drugs, or other physiologically-active compounds. The compositions enable administration of drugs and other medically useful compounds via a variety of routes. More particularly, a drug delivery system or composition including one or more monomeric or polymerized surface active agents allows for rapid dissolution and smooth liberation of any desired incorporated drug or combinations, and the method of preparing the drug composition. In one embodiment, the physiologically-active compound is encapsulated by a coacervate-derived film, and the finished product is suitable for transmucosal administration. Other formulations of this invention may be administered via inhalation, oral, parenteral and by transdermal and transmucosal routes.

Abstract: A liquid coacervate composition and a method of introducing heme, hemoproteins and/or heme-hemoprotein complexes into the body. The liquid composition, comprising an oxygen-carrying molecule containing iron and a two-phase aqueous coacervate system, can be administered orally or intraveneously. The liquid composition is utilized to augment the oxygen transport capability of the body, to treat for several of the anemias and/or to act as an oxygen-carrying plasma volume extender.

Abstract: A composition and a method of making a whole blood substitute are disclosed. The claimed invention duplicates the two phase heterogeneous physico-chemical system of natural whole blood and accordingly, is capable of carrying out virtually all of the physiological functions of whole blood. Albumin dispersed in a solution composed of distilled water, sodium chloride and urea, and to which a surface active agent such as lecithin is subsequently added, constitutes the preferred method of preparing the two phase aqueous liquid system on which this invention is based. Other ingredients necessary to the manufacture of the claimed composition of matter include stroma free hemoglobin, an appropriate sterol, electrolytes and proteins. Emulsification of the two phase aqueous liquid system and the additives given immediately above completes the preparation of the claimed synthetic whole blood.

Abstract: The method of this invention yields a two phase liquid aqueous system which replicates the two phase heterogeneous physico-chemical system of naturally securing whole human blood. The method produces: (1) a composition of matter which comprises an oxygen transport solution; (2) when pyridoxalated-polymerized hemoglobin and other specific additives are incorporated, said composition comprises a synthetic blood useful as a physiological substitute for human blood; and (3) when said blood substitute is processed further, yields a microencapsulated composition with time released characteristics that can transport oxygen. The invention overcomes the obstacles that have prevented the use of pyridoxalated-polymerized hemoglobin and other forms of modified hemoglobin in the preparation of oxygen transport solutions.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a composition of matter useful as an oral dosage form of insulin based upon a two phase liquid aqueous system in which insulin component or components are incorporated. The invention also provides for a method of preparing the oral dosage form of insulin, as well as a further process whereby sustained release dosage forms of oral insulin are produced. The oral form of insulin eliminates or reduces the need to use injection as a mode of administering insulin.

Abstract: The present invention provides for an oral drug delivery system based on a two phase liquid coacervate system prepared from water and one or more surfactants selected from anionic, cationic, amphoteric, and non-toxic surfactants, polysaccharides, synthetic polymers and polysorbates and their derivatives, and in which a pharmaceutical component is incorporated. The delivery system may be prepared in the form of a microemulsion as well as other forms including encapuslated microparticles. The claimed oral composition is useful to delivery oral dosage forms of drugs, their salts and derivatives thereof; biologicals, enzymes, and other pharmocologically active compositions. A method to prepare the oral drug delivery system is also disclosed.

Abstract: The method of this invention yields a two phase liquid aqueous system which replicates the two phase heterogeneous physiochemical system of naturally occurring whole human blood. The method produces a composition of matter which comprises a whole blood substitute when polymerized hemoglobin or pyridoxylated-polymerized hemoglobin and preferably, other specific additives are incorporated. When said blood substitute is processed further, a microencapsulated composition with time release characteristics that can transport oxygen is produced. The invention overcomes the obstacles that have prevented the use of modified hemoglobins like pyridoxylated-polymerized hemoglobin in the preparation of oxygen transport systems.

Abstract: A composition of matter which comprises a synthetic whole blood useful as a replacement for whole mammalian blood and a method of making the same are disclosed. The method of manufacture makes use of two gelatins, two modified fluid gelatins, or one gelatin and one modified fluid gelatin of differing isoelectric points, and selected additives. The invention also contemplates the use of only one gelatin or only one modified fluid gelatin, plus lecithin. The invention also contemplates using stroma free hemoglobin, micro-encapsulated stroma free hemoglobin, or synthetic liposomes containing stroma free hemoglobin incorporated in either the coacervate phase or the coacervate system of this invention. The method yields a two phase liquid aqueous system which successfully duplicates the two phase heterogeneous physico-chemical system of naturally occurring whole blood. The disclosed composition possesses many of the physiological capabilities of whole human blood.

Abstract: A composition of matter which comprises a synthetic whole blood useful as a substitute for whole natural blood and a method of making the same are disclosed. The method of manufacture yields a composition of matter comprised of a two phase coacervate system. The claimed system successfully duplicates the two phase heterogeneous physico-chemical system of naturally occurring whole blood. Also disclosed is a phase of the claimed method of manufacture which produces a composition of matter, useful as a substitute for hematocrit. Also disclosed is an embodiment employing a hemoglobin component which is preferably selected from stroma free hemoglobin, synthetic liposomes containing stroma free hemoglobin, microencapsulated stroma free hemoglobin, or emulsified droplets of coacervate containing stroma free hemoglobin. It is preferred that the microencapsulated stroma free hemoglobin when employed ranges in size from 0.1 to 10 microns.

Abstract: A composition of matter which comprises a synthetic whole blood useful as a substitute for whole natural blood and a method of making the same are disclosed. The method of manufacture yields a composition of matter comprised of a two phase coacervate system. The claimed system successfully duplicates the two phase heterogeneous physicochemical system of naturally occurring whole blood. Also, disclosed is a phase of the claimed method of manufacture which produces a composition of matter, useful as a substitute for hematocrit. Also disclosed is an embodiment employing a hemoglobin component selected from stroma free hemoglobin, synthetic liposomes containing stroma free hemoglobin, microencapsulated stroma free hemoglobin, microspheres of albumin containing stroma free hemoglobin, or emulsified droplets of the coacervate phase containing stroma free hemoglobin.

Abstract: A composition of matter which comprises a synthetic whole blood useful as a replacement for whole mammalian blood and a method of making the same are disclosed. The method of manufacture makes use of two gelatins, two modified fluid gelatins, or one gelatin and one modified fluid gelatin of differing isoelectric points, and selected additives. The invention also contemplates the use of only one gelatin or only one modified fluid gelatin, plus lecithin. The invention also contemplates using stroma free hemoglobin, microencapsulated stroma free hemoglobin, or synthetic liposomes containing stroma free hemoglobin incorporated in either the coacervate phase or the coacervate system of this invention. The method yields a two phase liquid aqueous system which successfully duplicates the two phase heterogeneous physico-chemical system of naturally occurring whole blood. The disclosed composition possesses many of the physiological capabilities of whole human blood.

Abstract: A composition and a method of making a whole blood substitute are disclosed. The claimed invention duplicates the two phase heterogeneous physico-chemical system of natural whole blood and accordingly, is capable of carrying out virtually all of the physiological functions of whole blood. Albumin dispersed in a solution composed of distilled water, sodium chloride and urea, and to which a surface active agent such as lecithin is subsequently added, constitutes the preferred method of preparing the two phase aqueous liquid system on which this invention is based. Other ingredients necessary to the manufacture of the claimed composition of matter include stroma free hemoglobin, an appropriate sterol, electrolytes and proteins. Emulsification of the two phase aqueous liquid system and the additives given immediately above completes the preparation of the claimed synthetic whole blood.

Abstract: A composition and a method of making a whole blood substitute are disclosed. The claimed invention duplicates the two phase heterogeneous physico-chemical system of natural whole blood and accordingly, is capable of carrying out virtually all of the physiological functions of whole blood. Albumin dispersed in a solution composed of distilled water, sodium chloride and urea, and to which a surface active agent such as lecithin is subsequently added, constitutes the preferred method of preparing the two phase aqueous liquid system on which this invention is based. Other ingredients necessary to the manufacture of the claimed composition of matter include stroma free hemoglobin, an apppropriate sterol, electrolytes and proteins. Emulsification of the two phase aqueous liquid system and the additives given immediately above completes the preparation of the claimed synthetic whole blood.