Abstract: The invention relates to a device for opening, by way of force, an operating sash (100) which has a length (L) and which comprises an opening part (102) and a fixed frame (104), such as a door or window, comprising at least one frame (2) whose length can be extended and which is formed by one or several sliding parts (10,20) which can be adapted to the length (L) of the operating sash; a corner (12,22) which can be depressed and which is arranged in between the frame (104) and the opening part (102), a spreader ram (50) enabling the penetration of said corner (12,22) between the frame (104) and the opening part (102) in order to open the operating sash (100) by way of force; and a push ram (30) placed in a substantially perpendicular position with respect to the frame (2). The rams (30;50) can be maneuvered at a distance with the aid of a remote control (80). The invention is characterized in that the push ram (30) is a continually thrusting percussion ram acting in a repetitive reciprocating manner.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for opening, by means of force, an operating sash (100) which has a length (L) and which comprises an opening part (102) and a fixed frame (104), such as a door or window, comprising at least one frame (2) whose length can be extended and which is formed by one or several sliding parts (10,20) which can be adapted to the length (L) of the operating sash; a corner (12,22) which can be depressed and which is arranged in between the frame (104) and the opening part (102), a spreader ram (50) enabling the penetration of said corner (12,22) between the frame (104) and the opening part (102) in order to open the operating sash (100) by means of force; and a push ram (30) placed in a substantially perpendicular position with respect to the frame (2). The rams (30;50) can be maneuvered at a distance with the aid of a remote control (80). The invention is characterized in that the push ram (30) is a continually thrusting percussion ram acting in a repetitive reciprocating manner.

Abstract: The invention concerns the manufacture of nitromethane by nitration of mene in a homogeneous gaseous phase, the nitrating agent being nitric acid, nitrogen peroxide or mixtures thereof. According to the disclosed process, the molar ratio methane/nitrating agent is between 0.1 and 5; the reaction contact time between 0.1 and 120 seconds; the reaction pressure between 1 and 35 bars; the temperature between 270.degree. and 600.degree. C. The nitration is carried out in the presence of an active agent of the halogen or derivative type introduced in a molar ratio at the most equal to 3. An installation is disclosed for industrially manufacturing nitromethane.

Abstract: A reactor for nitration of saturated hydrocarbons having less than five con atoms, alone or in admixture, in the gaseous phase under pressure is made up of a reaction enclosure, in which a tube or pipe bank is in contact with a heated fluid of high heat-exchange capacity. The inside perimeter of the tubes does not exceed 800 mm, and if circular not in excess of 250 mm, and the ratio of the surface of the tube bank, in contact with the reaction medium, to the volume of the reaction enclosure is 1:1 to 3:1.The reactor apparatus further includes a mechanical means to uniformly distribute the delivery of reaction medium gases to the various tubes of the bank so that the load difference between the most loaded tube and that of the least loaded tube is equal to 10% at the most.The reactor also includes a tube bank injector which feeds the tube bank to assure homogeneous mixing of all the reaction fluids in the tube bank.

Abstract: A reactor for nitration of saturated hydrocarbons having less than five con atoms, alone or in admixture, in the gaseous phase under pressure is made up of a reaction enclosure, in which a tube or pipe bank is in contact with a heated fluid of high heat-exchange capacity. The inside perimeter of the tubes does not exceed 800 mm, and if circular not in excess of 250 mm, and the ratio of the surface of the tube bank, in contact with the reaction medium, to the volume of the reaction enclosure is 1:1 to 3:1.The reactor apparatus further includes a mechanical means to uniformly distribute the delivery of reaction medium gases to the various tubes of the bank so that the load difference between the most loaded tube and that of the least loaded tube is equal to 10% at the most.The reactor also includes a tube bank injector which feeds the tube bank to assure homogeneous mixing of all the reaction fluids in the tube bank.

Abstract: Nitroparaffins are made in the homogeneous gaseous phase by nitration of ethane, performed in the presence of an active agent carrying an NO or NO.sub.2 group that is easily transferable. The process is applicable particularly to making nitromethane with high yields.

Abstract: A process making nitroparaffins comprises a nitration reaction in the gass phase, under pressure, in a closed loop with recycling of the products that have not reacted, with continuous deconcentration purge and continuous input of hydrocarbon and nitrating agent. The process is applicable to nitration of saturated hydrocarbon less than C.sub.5, above or in mixture.

Abstract: Nitroparaffins are made by nitration in the gaseous phase under pressure, ssibly in the presence of a gas containing oxygen. The reagent to be nitrated is a mixture containing a substantial amount of propane, the reaction temperature and pressure, the contact time and the quantitative ratios between the nitrating agent, the mixture to be nitrated and the oxygenated gas being selected so that the nitration reaction is conducted in a homogeneous gaseous phase. The process makes it possible to obtain a percentage of different nitroparaffins in response to industrial demand and further to use the cheapest raw materials at a given moment.