Abstract: A device for monitoring an formation below the ground G containing a fluid such as CO2 or methane comprising a measuring cell arranged in a cavity, can an F analyzer disposed on the surface and a sealed connection connecting measuring cell to the analyzer. The measuring cell comprises two chambers that can sealingly communicate with one another. The first chamber comprises a plurality of orifices allowing passage of the fluid into first chamber, at least two inner electrodes and fluid circulator. The second chamber is impervious to the fluid. Applications include monitoring of geological storages sites for gas such as CO2.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to novel enaminoketones containing a CF3O-group, novel pyrazole-derivatives containing a CF3O group as well as to a novel process for their preparation comprising aminoformylation of CF3O-ketones and cyclization of the obtained CF3O-enaminoketones with hydrazines to trifluoromethoxy pyrazoles.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to novel enaminoketones containing a CF3O-group, novel pyrazole-derivatives containing a CF3O group as well as to a novel process for their preparation comprising aminoformylation of CF3O-ketones and cyclization of the obtained CF3O-enaminoketones with hydrazines to trifluoromethoxy pyrazoles.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing aromatic sulfonylimides, to the sulfonylimides obtained, and to the use thereof as salt of an electrolyte. The sulfonylimides correspond to the formula [R—SO2—N—SO2R?]rM (I). R? is an ArZL- group. R? is a perfluoroalkyl group or an ArZL- group. Z is an S, SO or SO2 group. L is a —(CF2)n—CFRf— group. n is 0 or 1; Rf represents F or a C1 to C8 perfluoroalkyl group; Ar is an aromatic group. M represents H, an alkali metal cation, an alkaline earth metal cation, a trivalent or tetravalent metal cation, or an organic cation. The process consists in preparing a compound RSO2N(R?)SO2R? from RSO2F, and in replacing the group R? by nucleophilic substitution reaction so as to obtain the compound (I), R? being a benzyl or trimethylsilyl group.

Abstract: The present invention describes an exchanger-reactor for carrying out endothermic reactions, comprising a shell inside which a heat transfer fluid moves, said shell enclosing a plurality of tubes inside which the reactant fluid moves, the tubes being of the bayonet type, and the reactor not having a tube plate. This reactor may operate with a pressure difference between the tube side and the shell side which may be up to 100 bars.

Abstract: The present invention describes an exchanger-reactor for carrying out endothermic reactions, comprising a shell inside which a heat transfer fluid moves, said shell enclosing a plurality of tubes inside which the reactant fluid moves, the tubes being of the bayonet type, and the reactor not having a tube plate. This reactor may operate with a pressure difference between the tube side and the shell side which may be up to 100 bars.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing aromatic sulphonylimides, to the sulphonylimides obtained, and to the use thereof as salt of an electrolyte. The sulphonylimides correspond to the formula [R—SO2—N—SO2R?]rM (I). R? is an ArZL- group. R? is a perfluoroalkyl group or an ArZL- group. Z is an S, SO or SO2 group. L is a —(CF2)n—CFRf— group. n is 0 or 1; Rf represents F or a C1 to C8 perfluoroalkyl group; Ar is an aromatic group. M represents H, an alkali metal cation, an alkaline earth metal cation, a trivalent or tetravalent metal cation, or an organic cation. The process consists in preparing a compound RSO2N(R?)SO2R? from RSO2F, and in replacing the group R? by nucleophilic substitution reaction so as to obtain the compound (I), R? being a benzyl or trimethylsilyl group.

Abstract: A reagent comprising a compound of formula (I): Rf—M(X)(Z)n—Y—R, wherein R is a hydrocarbon radical advantageously having at most 10 carbon atoms and being selected from alkyls and aryls; Rf is a radical of formula II: R1—(C&Xgr;2)m—CF2—, where R1 is a fluorine or chlorine atom or a carbon radical, m is 0 or a integer from 0-12, and each &Xgr;, which may be the same or different, is a chlorine or preferably fluorine atom, with the proviso that when m is 0, R1 is electroattractive, preferably a fluorine atom; n is 0 or 1; M is a non-metal selected from carbon and chalcogens with an atomic number than oxygen; and each of X, Y and Z, which are the same or different, is a chalcogen; as well as a generator, for consecutive or simultaneous addition. The reagent is useful for organic synthesis.

Abstract: The invention concerns a reagent and a family of compounds. The reagent contains by successive or simultaneous addition: a material of formula RfH, a silicophilic base, a trivalent nitrogenous derivative containing no hydrogen and at least two silyl groups. The invention is useful for organic synthesis.

Abstract: A reagent comprising a compound of formula (I): R.sub.f --M(X) (Z).sub.n --Y--R, wherein R is a hydrocarbon radical advantageously having at most 10 carbon atoms and being selected from alkyls and aryls; R.sub.f is a radical of formula II: R.sub.1 --(C.XI..sub.2).sub.m --CF.sub.2 --, where R.sub.1 is a fluorine or chlorine atom or a carbon radical, m is 0 or a integer from 0-12, and each .XI., which may be the same or different, is a chlorine or preferably fluorine atom, with the proviso that when m is 0, R.sub.1 is electroattractive, preferably a fluorine atom;n is 0 or 1; M is a non-metal selected from carbon and chalcogens with an atomic number higher than oxygen; and each of X, Y and Z, which are the same or different, is a chalcogen; as well as a generator, for consecutive or simultaneous addition. The reagent is useful for organic synthesis.

Abstract: A perfluoroalkylation reactant and a process for its use involving reactions with nucleophilic substrates. The perfluoroalkylation reactant comprises:a) a perfluoroalkanesulphinate; and,b) a monoelectronic oxidizing system whose redox potential is greater than or equal to 1.20 V relative to the so-called saturated calomel reference electrode (SCE: Hg/HgCl.sub.2).

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 2,2-difluoro-1,3-benzodioxole from 2,2-dichlorol,3-benzodioxole. 2,2-Difluoro-1,3-benzodioxole is prepared by reaction of 2,2-dichloro-1,3-benzodioxole with potassium fluoride in the presence of an effective quantity of a catalyst selected from potassium hydrogen fluoride, sodium hydrogen fluoride, cesium hydrogen fluoride, rubidium hydrogen fluoride, and quaternary ammonium hydrogen fluoride. 2,2-Difluoro-1,3-benzoxodiole is an intermediate compound which is used particularly for the preparation of products for agricultural chemistry and for the synthesis of pharmaceutical products.

Abstract: A process for the synthesis of fluorinated organic compounds and a reagent suitable for use in the process. The process is carried out by exchange with fluorides, while preferably agitating the reaction medium with ultrasonic sound.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of perhaloalkylthioethers by bringing a perhaloalkyl halide, preferably a bromide or an iodide, into contact with a disulphide in the presence of zinc and of sulphur dioxide or of a dithionite or of a hydroxymethanesulphinate or of a formate anion and sulphur dioxide.

Abstract: A process for the hydrogenation of halogenonitro-aromatic compounds wherein said compounds are contacted with a nickel-, cobalt- or iron-based catalyst, preferably Raney nickel, and hydrogen in the presence of a sulfur-containing compound. Preferably, the sulfur-containing compound is a sulfoxide or sulfone, and the molar ratio of the sulfur-containing compound to the catalyst ranges from about 1:1 to 10:1.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of perhaloalkylthioethers by bringing a perhaloalkyl halide, preferably a bromide or an iodide, into contact with a disulphide in the presence of zinc and of sulphur dioxide or of a dithionite or of a hydroxymethanesulphinate or of a formate anion and sulphur dioxide.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of ethyltrifluoroacetoacetate is provided. In this first step, ethyltrifluoroacetate is condensed with ethyl acetate in the presence of sodium ethoxide in cyclohexane. In a second step, the condensation product is neutralized with a protonic acid, such as formic acid, to release an enol. In the third step, the ethyltrifluoroacetoacetate obtained is separated by distillation. The ethyltrifluoroacetoacetate is used as an intermediate in syntheses in the pharmaceutical or plant protection industry.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of perhaloalkanesulfinic and -sulfonic acids and derivatives of these acids. A perhaloalkanesulfinic acid salt is prepared by contacting a metal hydroxymethanesulfinate (preferably, a sodium, zinc or copper hydroxymethanesulfinate) with a perhaloalkyl halide group, in a polar solvent. Optionally, the perhaloalkanesulfinic acid salt is then converted to a perhaloalkanesulfinic or -sulfonic acid or a derivative of either of these acids.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of (pentafluoroethoxy)- and (pentafluoroethylthio)benzene derivatives either from phenol, thiophenol or from halobenzene. A halobenzene is reacted with trifluoroethanol or a phenol or a thiophenol is reacted with a compound of the formula CF.sub.3 --CH.sub.2 --O--R'. The product is chlorinated and the chlorinated product is fluorinated in liquid hydrofluoric acid in the presence of a Lewis acid.The compounds obtained by the process of the present invention are used as synthesis intermediates in the phytosanitary, pharmaceutical and veterinary industries, and are used in lubricants.

Abstract: A process for preparing substituted or unsubstituted trifluoroethoxy- or trifluoroethylthiobenzenes by reaction of a phenol or thiophenol, both of which may be substituted or unsubstituted, with a compound of the formula CF.sub.3 --CH.sub.2 --O--R', where R' is a moiety selected from the group consisting of trifluoroacetyl, methanesulfonyl, paratoluenesulfonyl, trichloromethanesulfonyl and chlorosulfonyl, in the presence of a strong alkaline base and a complexing agent of the formula:N--CHR.sub.1 --CHR.sub.2 --O--(CHR.sub.3 --CHR.sub.4 --O).sub.n --R.sub.5 ].sub.3 (II)wherein n is an integer from 0 to 10 (0 is less than or equal to n is less than or equal to 10), R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4, which may be identical or different, are selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and an alkyl moiety having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and R.sub.5 denotes an alkyl or cycloalkyl moiety having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a phenyl moiety or a moiety of the formula: --C.sub.m H.sub.2m --C.sub.6 H.sub.