Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the field of foams. One aspect of the invention provides a foam having a continuous lipid phase and a porosity of between 1 and 80% wherein, at a temperature at which the lipid phase has a solid lipid content between 0.1 and 80% the foam comprises gas bubbles having at least 50% of their surface occupied by crystals comprising triglycerides. Further aspects of the invention are a product comprising a foam and a process for forming a foam.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the field of aerated fat-based confectionery material. One aspect of the invention provides an aerated fat-based confectionery material having a continuous lipid phase and a porosity of between 1 and 80%, wherein, at a temperature at which the lipid phase has a solid lipid content between 0.1 and 80, the fat-based confectionery material comprises gas bubbles having at least 50% of their surface occupied by crystals, the crystals comprising a glyceride selected from the group consisting of monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, esters of monoglycerides, esters of diglycerides and combinations of these. Further aspects of the invention are a confectionery product comprising an aerated fat-based confectionery material and a process for forming an aerated fat-based confectionery material.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the field of aerated fat-based confectionery material. One aspect of the invention provides an aerated fat-based confectionery material having a continuous lipid phase and a porosity of between 1 and 80%, wherein, at a temperature at which the lipid phase has a solid lipid content between 0.1 and 80, the fat-based confectionery material comprises gas bubbles having at least 50% of their surface occupied by crystals, the crystals comprising a glyceride selected from the group consisting of monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, esters of monoglycerides, esters of diglycerides and combinations of these. Further aspects of the invention are a confectionery product comprising an aerated fat-based confectionery material and a process for forming an aerated fat-based confectionery material.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the field of aerated fat-based confectionery material. One aspect of the invention provides an aerated fat-based confectionery material having a continuous lipid phase and a porosity of between 1 and 80%, wherein, at a temperature at which the lipid phase has a solid lipid content between 0.1 and 80, the fat-based confectionery material comprises gas bubbles having at least 50% of their surface occupied by crystals, the crystals comprising a glyceride selected from the group consisting of monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, esters of monoglycerides, esters of diglycerides and combinations of these. Further aspects of the invention are a confectionery product comprising an aerated fat-based confectionery material and a process for forming an aerated fat-based confectionery material.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the field of foams. One aspect of the invention provides a foam having a continuous lipid phase and a porosity of between 1 and 80% wherein, at a temperature at which the lipid phase has a solid lipid content between 0.1 and 80% the foam comprises gas bubbles having at least 50% of their surface occupied by crystals comprising triglycerides. Further aspects of the invention are a product comprising a foam and a process for forming a foam.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the field of foams. One aspect of the invention provides a foam having a continuous lipid phase and a porosity of between and 80% wherein, at a temperature at which the lipid phase has a solid lipid content between 0.1 and 80% the foam comprises gas bubbles having at least 50% of their surface occupied by crystals comprising triglycerides. Further aspects of the invention are a product comprising a foam and a process for forming a foam.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the field of foams. One aspect of the invention provides a foam having a continuous lipid phase and a porosity of between and 80% wherein, at a temperature at which the lipid phase has a solid lipid content between 0.1 and 80% the foam comprises gas bubbles having at least 50% of their surface occupied by crystals comprising triglycerides. Further aspects of the invention are a product comprising a foam and a process for forming a foam.

Abstract: The present invention relates to emulsions. In particular, it relates to an emulsion comprising at least one aqueous phase and at least one lipid phase wherein the emulsion is stabilized by particles of an edible inorganic salt having a solubility in water of less than 1 g per 100 ml at 20° C. and wherein the particles have between 0.5 and 20 wt. % fatty acids coated or adsorbed onto their surface. Further aspects of the invention are a composition comprising the emulsion and a method of manufacturing a double emulsion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to non-aqueous emulsions stabilised by silica particles and to processes for making them. The invention further comprises: a particle stabilized oil-in-polar (o/polar o/p) emulsion comprising: a) a dispersed oil phase, b) a continuous polar phase substantially free of water, c) a particulate solid which is a silica particle dispersant possessing surface silanol groups (SiOH) sufficient to stabilize the emulsion, and where the emulsion is substantially free of emulsifiers, surfactants; and wherein the oil phase (a) is dispersed as discontinuous droplets in the polar phase (b); the silica particle dispersant (c) is absorbed on the surface of the oil phase (a); and the silica particle dispersant (c) is partially wetted by the polar phase (b).

Abstract: The present invention provides a multi-component encapsulated reactive formulation comprising a mixture of two or more dry powder components, where each dry powder component is formed from a phase inversion process involving vigorous mixing. The dry powder is stabilized by hydrophobic colloidal particles, which assist in generating stable “dry water” microdroplets. One dry powder component comprises hydrophobic colloidal particles encapsulating microdroplets comprising an aqueous solution of one reactant, and the at least one other dry powder component comprises hydrophobic colloidal particles encapsulating microdroplets comprising an aqueous solution of another reactant. When the encapsulated formulation is agitated such that the encapsulates are broken, the encapsulates rupture and the two aqueous solutions undergo a reaction upon contact.

Abstract: The invention relates to water-in-oil (W/O) or oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions containing an oil phase of at least one water-insoluble constituent; an aqueous phase; pyrogenic silica at the oil-water interface, the pyrogenic silica partially silylated such that non-silylated surface silanol groups remaining are between 95% and 5% of initial silanol groups, the equivalent of 1.7 to 0.1 surface SiOH groups per nm2, a surface energy gamma-s-D of 30 to 80 mJ/m2, and a specific BET surface area between 30 and 500 m2/g; and optionally other substances, such as pigments or preservatives. The inventive emulsions have a mean particle size of the dispersed phase, of between 0.5 ?m and 500 ?m, and are of low viscosity.

Abstract: Partly hydrophobic metal oxides are prepared by silylating a metal oxide with I) an organosilane of the formula R1nSiX4-n where n is 1, 2 or 3 or mixtures of these organosilanes, R1 each being an identical or different monovalent, optionally halogenated hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, and being saturated, aromatic, monounsaturated, or polyunsaturation, X being halogen, a nitrogen-containing radical, OR2, OCOR2, O(CH2)xOR2, R2 being hydrogen or a monovalent hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, x being 1, 2 or 3; or II) an organosiloxane composed of units of the formula (R13SiO1/2), and/or (R12SiO2/2), and/or (R1SiO3/2), the number of R1 units in one organosiloxane being at least 2; I and II used individually or in any desired mixture in a total amount of from 0.015 mmol/g to 0.15 mmol/g per 100 m2/g of metal oxide BET surface area.

Abstract: The invention relates to water-in-oil (W/O) or oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions containing an oil phase of at least one water-insoluble constituent; an aqueous phase; pyrogenic silica at the oil-water interface, the pyrogenic silica partially silylated such that non-silylated surface silanol groups remaining are between 95% and 5% of initial silanol groups, the equivalent of 1.7 to 0.1 surface SiOH groups per nm2, a surface energy gamma-s-D of 30 to 80 mJ/m2, and a specific BET surface area between 30 and 500 m2/g; and optionally other substances, such as pigments or preservatives. The inventive emulsions have a mean particle size of the dispersed phase, of between 0.5 ?m and 500 ?m, and are of low viscosity.

Abstract: Storage stable multiple emulsions of a polar phase A1, a nonpolar phase B and a polar phase A2, or of a nonpolar phase B1, a polar phase A and a nonpolar phase B2, employ particulate solids smaller than 1 ?m to stabilize the resulting A1/B/A2 or B1/A/B2 multiple emulsions against coalescence, with the proviso that surface-active substances are present only up to a maximum concentration of less than 0.1 times the critical micelle concentration of the surface-active substances in phase A, A1, A2. The multiple emulsions have numerous uses including controlled release of active substances from a dispersed phase.

Abstract: The invention relates to an emulsifier system, which comprises a nanoparticle with a positive or negative net charge and a hydrophobic compound of opposite charge to the nanoparticle that will bind to the nanoparticle making it hydrophobic and the use of that system for preparing water-in-oil (WIO) emulsions as well as oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions.

Abstract: Partly hydrophobic metal oxides are prepared by silylating a metal oxide with

Abstract: Storage stable multiple emulsions of a polar phase A1, a nonpolar phase B and a polar phase A2, or of a nonpolar phase B1, a polar phase A and a nonpolar phase B2, employ particulate solids smaller than 1 &mgr;m to stabilize the resulting A1/B/A2 or B1/A/B2 multiple emulsions against coalescence, with the proviso that surface-active substances are present only up to a maximum concentration of less than 0.1 times the critical micelle concentration of the surface-active substances in phase A, A1, A2. The multiple emulsions have numerous uses including controlled release of active substances from a dispersed phase.