Abstract: A system comprising a portable apparatus and employing a method of admittance versus frequency analysis to detect the existence of a fault in a de-energized electrical line regardless of whether the line contains branches. The portable apparatus comprises a capacitor unit detachably connected to a de-energized line, ground or a neutral conductor, a switch unit detachably connected to a de-energized line, the de-energized line being tested, and an insulated cable connecting the capacitor unit to the switch unit. The switch unit comprises a discharge switch that can be activated by pulling on the hot line tool. The capacitor unit comprises a capacitor which is discharged into the electrical line via the insulated cable and the switch unit when the discharge switch is activated to create a pulse.

Abstract: According to the invention, molten metal 3 is poured into a continuous-casting ingot mold and the thickness of the product 1 emerging from the ingot mold is reduced using a device for reducing the thickness 20, while the core 5 of said product has still not solidified.The thickness of the product 1 is reduced only in a central zone, excluding the solidified edges of the product, using means for reducing the thickness such as rolls 22 whose working length is less than the width of the large faces 11 of the ingot mold.Means 8 are provided downstream of the rolls 22 in order to crop the edges 7' of the product in the manufacture of thin slabs 9.

Abstract: A faced-ring seal with diaphragm, the elastic means of holding the moving faced ring against the stationary one consisting of an initially flat annular diaphragm, fixed at its periphery to the stationary support. The static sealing means being a pliable elastic O-ring in simultaneous contact with the diaphragm near its inner rim, with a cylindrical boring in the support and with an exterior conical bearing surface on the stationary faced ring on the side away from its surface of contact with the moving faced ring.

Abstract: The oxygen content in a continuous casting mold atmosphere may be minimized by use of a gas shroud with tubular members having the following area relationship: ##EQU1##

Abstract: A completely self-enclosed, weatherproof expulsion interruption device is disclosed which includes a detachable, arc-suppressing tube assembly which can be readily replaced in the field as needed, in conjunction with novel spring-loaded expulsion actuation mechanism for quickly breaking a high voltage circuit with only a minimum of objectionable arcing across the internal tube contacts of the device. The interrupter is especially adapted for use with high voltage, manually operable, blade-type switches and safely overcomes problems associated with arcing across switch contact points during opening thereof. As the switchblade is opened and engages the actuating arm of the interrupter, current is passed in shunt relationship through the interrupter until the respective switch contacts are safely parted.

Abstract: An improved shrounding apparatus for providing a protective gaseous atmosphere around a liquid stream during its transfer between containers is characterized by a releasable shroud head and a positioning system that includes at least two pivot members. The device is specially suitable for use in the continuous casting of liquid metals such as steel.