Abstract: A method for preparing polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foams which comprises reacting and foaming a mixture of ingredients which will react to form the polyurethane or polyisocyanurate foams in the presence of a blowing agent comprising a partially fluorinated alkane having four or five carbon atoms and a tertiary structure. The method is advantageous because partially fluorinated alkanes having a tertiary structure have zero ozone depletion potentials, are nonflammable, and have higher solvency toward polyols.

Abstract: Novel partially fluorinated alkanes having the Formula: ##STR1## wherein each R is the same or different and is selected from the group consisting of CF.sub.3, CHF.sub.2, CH.sub.2 F, and CH.sub.3 CF.sub.2, and R' is an alkyl or fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms with the proviso that when each R is CF.sub.3, R' is not CF.sub.3 (CF.sub.2).sub.2 --, CF.sub.3 CF.sub.2 --, or CF.sub.3 have utility as solvents in a variety of industrial cleaning applications including cold cleaning, dry cleaning, and defluxing of printed circuit boards.

Abstract: Novel partially fluorinated alkanes having the Formula: ##STR1## wherein each R is the same or different and is selected from the group consisting of CF.sub.3, CHF.sub.2, CH.sub.2 F, and CH.sub.3 CF.sub.2, and R' is an alkyl or fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms with the proviso that when each R is CF.sub.3, R' is not CF.sub.3 (CF.sub.2).sub.2 -, CH.sub.3 CF.sub.2 -, or CF.sub.3 have utility as solvents in a variety of industrial cleaning applications including cold cleaning, dry cleaning, and defluxing of printed circuit boards.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the preparation of luorinated alkanes. The process comprises the step of: reacting an alkene with carbon having fluorine absorbed therein at a temperature and for a time sufficient to form fluorinated alkanes. The alkene used is not perhalogenated at the double-bonded carbons. Preferably, the alkene used is vinylidene fluoride or ethylene.The process produces products such as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (known in the art as 134a) which may be used as a refrigerant and 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (known in the art as R143a) and 1,2-difluoroethane (known in the art as R152) which may be used as blowing agents or solvents.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing fluorinated carbon (CF.sub.x) admixed which can be used in a lithium battery to eliminate low voltage at the beginning of discharge. The process uses a thick carbon bed to assure proper degree and type of underfluorination of the CF.sub.x. The inhomogeneous fluorinated carbon produced is a fully, or overfluorinated CF.sub.x with a small amount of underfluorinated material to eliminate voltage suppression in Li/CF.sub.x batteries.

Abstract: A cell which employs an active metal anode such as lithium and a liquid organic electrolyte that is improved by the use of a cathode comprised of carbon fluoride chloride is described.The cathode comprises a carbon fluoride chloride of the general formula (C.sub.y F.sub.x Cl.sub.z).sub.n wherein y is 1 to 2, x is greater than 0 to 1.2, z is .ltoreq.0.1 and n defines the number of repeating units occurring in the carbon fluoride chloride molecule of high molecular weight. The resulting battery has improved discharge and shelf-life characteristics.

Abstract: The process for preparing hexafluoroisobutylene which comprises reacting, at elevated temperatures, ketene or a ketene-generating compound with hexafluorothioacetone. Hexafluoroisobutylene is a known valuable monomer, which forms polymers of exceptional thermal, chemical and mechanical properties, particularly when copolymerized, such as with vinylidene fluoride.

Abstract: 1,5-Hexadiene is cyclized to cyclohexene by contacting 1,5-hexadiene with a mixture of a first catalyst selected from the group consisting of chromium oxides, chromium chlorides, chromium bromides, molybdenum oxides, molybdenum chlorides, molybdenum bromides, tungsten oxides, tungsten chlorides, tungsten bromides, iron oxides, cobalt oxides, nickel oxides, elemental sulfur, SiO.sub.2, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, vanadium metal, vanadium oxides, VOF.sub.3, and mixtures thereof, and a second catalyst selected from a tin (IV) halide and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Combinations of boric acid with certain dispersible or soluble metal salts, oxides and hydroxides, preferably also with certain hydrocarboxylic acids, provide unexpectedly enhanced flame retardancy to carpets, said flame retardancy being durable to usual carpet cleaning procedures. Such combinations may take the form of certain metal borocitrates or borotartrates.

Abstract: Electronegative, normally gaseous, fluorinated compounds with sulfur at valence state 2 act as good dielectric gases alone or in combination with sulfur hexafluoride. In particular bis (trifluoromethyl) sulfide has a higher dielectric strength than sulfur hexafluoride when used alone and increases dielectric strength of sulfur hexafluoride in blends.

Abstract: 1,1,1,-Trifluoro-2-chloroethane (fluorocarbon 133a) is chlorinated with Cl.sub.2 and product 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,2-dichloroethane (fluorocarbon 123) is recovered from the reaction mixture, as is overchlorinated byproduct 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,2,2-trichloroethane (fluorocarbon 113a). Fluorocarbon 113a is then reacted in the vapor phase with fluorocarbon 133a in the presence of a catalyst to produce more fluorocarbon 123. Preferred catalysts are activated carbon and especially chromium oxides and oxyfluorides. The product is useful in aerosol, refrigerant and foaming applications, and as an intermediate to other chlorofluoroethanes such as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoro-1-chloroethane (fluorocarbon 124).

Abstract: Sulfonation of anthraquinone by a sulfur trioxide component including SO.sub.3 or oleum in a liquid sulfur dioxide solvent. When a mercury catalyst is used to give alpha anthraquinone sulfonate products, most of the mercury is left in the reactor or recovered with unreacted anthraquinone by precipitation with water after vaporization of the sulfur dioxide. High sulfuric acid and mercury pollution are thus avoided.

Abstract: Polyamide and polyester fibers and molding compounds are rendered flame retardant by incorporation into the melt thereof of a complex salt of a polyvalent metal and a hydroxycarboxylic acid, preferably also with boric acid. Preferred complex salts include the subgallates, borocitrates and borotartrates of antimony, aluminum and the alkaline earth metals. The fibers may be tufted to form flame retardant carpets.

Abstract: Isobutane is catalytically converted to 1-chloro-2-trifluoromethyl-3,3,3-trifluoropropene [(CF.sub.3).sub.2 C .dbd. CHCl] in a dehydro/chlorofluorination reaction zone by passing a mixture of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride, chlorine and the isobutane over a chromium oxide or metal fluoride dehydro/chlorofluorination catalyst. Alternatively, the isobutane feed is first prechlorinated, and the mixture of prechlorination fed for conversion to the desired (CF.sub.3).sub.2 C .dbd. CHCl, to a downstream fluorination reactor charged with the dehydro/chlorofluorination catalyst.

Abstract: A fabric coating composition, including a polymer having a glass transition temperature above room temperature, an ionic fluorinated surfactant and a carrier. The preferred fluorinated surfactants have 5 to 30 carbons per hydrophylic end and include fluoro ether surfactants having radicals of the formula (CF.sub.3).sub.2 CFOCF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 -- or fluoroalkyl surfactants having radicals of the formula CnF.sub.2n+1 -- where n is 6 to 12. The polymer may be dissolved or, preferably, emulsified by an emulsifier to form a latex. The polymer is preferably applied to fabric at a rate giving a dry solids content of about 0.25 to 10%, to give dry soil resistance.

Abstract: Chlorofluorinated carboxylic acids may be effectively produced by an oxychlorofluorination process by reacting a gaseous mixture of a starting material selected from a saturated aliphatic carboxy containing compound, a saturated aliphatic carboxylic acid halide and a saturated aliphatic aldehyde in which all atoms are selected from C, H and O, and corresponding hydrohalogenated compounds in which the halo atoms are selected from chloro and fluoro, or mixtures thereof, an oxygen-containing gas, a chlorinating agent selected from the group consisting of HCl and Cl.sub.2 and mixtures thereof, and HF, in the presence of a Deacon catalyst supported by a stable, inert metal salt carrier.

Abstract: 1. A storable oxidizing composition consisting essentially of a solution of trifluoramine oxide and chlorine pentafluoride, which contains up to 25 mole % of trifluoramine oxide in liquid phase at 24.degree. C.

Abstract: Isobutane is catalytically converted to 1-chloro-2-trifluoromethyl-3,3,3-trifluor propene [(CF.sub.3).sub.2 C = CHCl] in a dehydro/chlorofluorination reaction zone by passing a mixture of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride, chlorine and the isobutane over a chromium oxide or metal fluoride dehydro/chlorofluorination catalyst. Alternatively, the isobutane feed is first prechlorinated, and the mixture of prechlorination fed for conversion to the desired (CF.sub.3).sub.2 C = CHCl, to a downstream fluorination reactor charged with the dehydro/chlorofluorination catalyst.

Abstract: Combinations of certain hydroxycarboxylic acids with certain metal oxides and hydroxides provide unexpectedly enhanced flame retardancy to carpets, said flame retardancy being durable to usual carpet cleaning procedures.

Abstract: Chlorofluorinated aliphatic ketones may be effectively produced by an oxychlorofluorination process by reacting a gaseous mixture of a starting material selected from an aliphatic ketone and a halogenated aliphatic ketone in which the halogen atoms are selected from chlorine and fluorine, or mixtures thereof, an oxygen-containing gas, a chlorinating agent selected from the group consisting of HCl and Cl.sub.2 and mixtures thereof, and HF, in the presence of a Deacon catalyst supported by a stable, inert metal salt carrier.