Abstract: The present invention is related to the use of nitrates of ethers of glycerol and ethanol as diesel cetane improvers, and the production process of the same, aiming at producing an additive from glycerol from biodiesel production and bringing to the additive market an option more economical and efficient to facilitate the ignition of diesel and improve the cetane number of said fuel.

Abstract: The present invention refers to catalysts that are selective for the reaction of ODH of propane to propene. Said catalysts are potassium salts of the dodecatungstophosphate ion partially substituted with vanadium and niobium, or mixed oxides of W, V, and Nb, with a tungsten bronze structure, obtained by thermal decomposition of polyoxometalate salts with a Keggin structure.

Abstract: A two-step 2.5 FDCA integrated production process is described, comprising a first step for generating 5-HMF from streams comprising an aqueous carbohydrate solution wherein sub-critical water works as a catalyst by dehydrating the carbohydrates and generating 5-HMF, and a second step wherein 5-HMF is oxidized into 2.5 FDCA.

Abstract: A two-step 2.5 FDCA integrated production process is described, comprising a first step for generating 5-HMF from streams comprising an aqueous carbohydrate solution wherein sub-critical water works as a catalyst by dehydrating the carbohydrates and generating 5-HMF, and a second step wherein 5-HMF is oxidized into 2.5 FDCA.

Abstract: This invention concerns a process for obtaining lactic acid in a single stage by direct oxidation in an aqueous medium of 1,2-propanediol in the presence of a mixture of heterogeneous catalysts, in conditions of low temperature and low pressure. The reaction takes place in the presence of oxygen and a mixture of heterogeneous catalysts, consisting of a first catalyst of noble metal supported in metallic oxide, and a second basic solid catalyst. The mixture of catalysts is easily recovered by filtration at the end of the process, to be reused. The lactic acid is obtained directly, with selectivity between 50% and 97%.

Abstract: This invention concerns a process for obtaining lactic acid in a single stage by direct oxidation in an aqueous medium of 1,2-propanediol in the presence of a mixture of heterogeneous catalysts, in conditions of low temperature and low pressure. The reaction takes place in the presence of oxygen and a mixture of heterogeneous catalysts, consisting of a first catalyst of noble metal supported in metallic oxide, and a second basic solid catalyst. The mixture of catalysts is easily recovered by filtration at the end of the process, to be reused. The lactic acid is obtained directly, with selectivity between 50% and 97%.

Abstract: Current industrial processes for the production of lactic acid are fermentative, using lactic bacteria which require large volumes and create large quantities of liquid residue which need to be treated. Chemical literature also describes the use of reaction systems with homogeneous catalysis, which also pose problems which in turn impact our costs, owing to the increased requirements in terms of the control of the process and the type of reactor necessary. Therefore, the process used thus far, carried out in hydrogenolysis, isomerisation and oxidation are defective, owing to the significant formation of sub-products, mainly pyruvic acid and acetic acid and the low yield of lactic acid. Lactic acid can also be obtained by the chemical transformation of other sources other than starch, but which are also renewable. The present invention provides a oxidative process for the production of lactic acid, in which the reaction with pure oxygen or oxygen mixed with air takes place below 100° C.

Abstract: Current industrial processes for the production of lactic acid are fermentative, using lactic bacteria which require large volumes and create large quantities of liquid residue which need to be treated. Chemical literature also describes the use of reaction systems with homogeneous catalysis, which also pose problems which in turn impact our costs, owing to the increased requirements in terms of the control of the process and the type of reactor necessary. Therefore, the process used thus far, carried out in hydrogenolysis, isomerisation and oxidation are defective, owing to the significant formation of sub-products, mainly pyruvic acid and acetic acid and the low yield of lactic acid. Lactic acid can also be obtained by the chemical transformation of other sources other than starch, but which are also renewable. The present invention provides a oxidative process for the production of lactic acid, in which the reaction with pure oxygen or oxygen mixed with air takes place below 100° C.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process for the production of propylene glycol from glycerol, the transformation of purified glycerol to propylene glycol being carried out by means of a reaction of hydrogenolysis, in the liquid phase, where the two stages of the reaction take place simultaneously and in one and the same reactor (1) under specified conditions of temperature and pressure, and the effluent from the fixed-bed reactor (1) is led to subsequent process stages that comprise separation and purification.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process for the production of propylene glycol from glycerol, the transformation of purified glycerol to propylene glycol being carried out by means of a reaction of hydrogenolysis, in the liquid phase, where the two stages of the reaction take place simultaneously and in one and the same reactor (1) under specified conditions of temperature and pressure, and the effluent from the fixed-bed reactor (1) is led to subsequent process stages that comprise separation and purification.

Abstract: A method to exploit the glycerin obtained as a by-product of the industrial process to produce biodiesel inside or out of the industrial production unit, providing a reduction in the environmental liability that may be caused by an excess in the production of glycerin that cannot be exploited for industrial use. The referenced method uses recycling of the glycerin obtained through industrial process to produce biodiesel, using a process basically consisting of four stages: a) extracting glycerin produced as a by-product of the industrial process for producing biodiesel; b) hydrogenation of said n-propanol glycerin, c) recycling of the n-propanol thus obtained to be added to a mixture of alcohols; and d) transesterfication of the n-propanol mixture added to the alcohol mixture, together with raw material triglycerides from renewable sources in order to obtain biodiesel.

Abstract: A method is presented for production of a cetane-index improvement additive for diesel oil produced from biodiesel from castor bean oil. Said method employs nitration at the site of the hydroxyl functionality already forming part of the natural molecular chemical structure of the fatty acid ester generated in the production of biodiesel obtained from castor bean oil. The present method is advantageous through having a lower number of processing stages, lower rate of undesired nitration of unsaturations, lower consumption of nitrating mixture, reduction in the level of attachment of NO2 to the molecules of the additive and consequent reduction in undesirable environmental impacts caused by NOx, and utilising a raw material from a renewable source. The present cetane improvement additive may be employed as an additive to diesel oil of mineral origin, biodiesel, or synergetic mixtures thereof in any proportion.

Abstract: A method to exploit the glycerin obtained as a by-product of the industrial process to produce biodiesel inside or out of the industrial production unit, providing a reduction in the environmental liability that may be caused by an excess in the production of glycerin that cannot be exploited for industrial use. The referenced method uses recycling of the glycerin obtained through industrial process to produce biodiesel, using a process basically consisting of four stages: a) extracting glycerin produced as a by-product of the industrial process for producing biodiesel; b) hydrogenation of said n-propanol glycerin, c) recycling of the n-propanol thus obtained to be added to a mixture of alcohols; and d) transesterfication of the n-propanol mixture added to the alcohol mixture, together with raw material triglycerides from renewable sources in order to obtain biodiesel.