Abstract: The present process is directed to the cooling and cleaning of hot crude synthesis gas leaving a gas generator (solid hydrocarbon gasification reactor) wherein the hot crude synthesis gas leaving the top of the gas generator in an upflow direction is quenched by injection of cold purified synthesis gas. The gas velocity is then reduced and the gas stream is reversed in a downflow direction whereupon the gas velocity is increased again. The gas stream is again reversed in an upflow direction and the gas velocity is decreased whereafter the gas is indirectly cooled and flyash being separated therefrom.

Abstract: The present process is directed to the cooling and cleaning of hot crude synthesis gas leaving a gas generator (solid hydrocarbon gasification reactor) wherein the hot crude synthesis gas leaving the top of the gas generator in an upflow direction is quenched by injection of cold purified synthesis gas. The gas velocity is then reduced and the gas stream is reversed in a downflow direction whereupon the gas velocity is increased again. The gas stream is again reversed in an upflow direction and the gas velocity is decreased whereafter the gas is indirectly cooled and flyash is separated therefrom.

Abstract: Particulate solid fuel is conveyed from an atmospheric container into an atmospheric lock hopper which is then pressurized by a high pressure inert gas. The fuel is passed from the pressurized lock hopper into a pressure vessel and subsequently from this vessel into a gasification reactor. In the container and the lock hopper the solid fuel is fluidized by an inert gas. In the pressure vessel synthesis gas is used for this purpose, the latter gas also being applied for the pneumatic transport of the fuel from the vessel into the reactor.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for reversing the flow of a synthesis gas from a coal gasification reactor containing solids that tend to cause fouling of heat transfer surfaces by adjusting the volume and shape of a gas-reversal space within a chamber downstream of the reactor.

Abstract: In a process for separating fly-ash from crude synthesis gas a high-pressure cyclone is used, having a central pipe ranging from above its gas outlet to below its solids outlet. Through this pipe gas is removed which emanates from a sluice system to which the cyclone is connected by means of its solids outlet. In this way the efficiency of the cyclone is improved.

Abstract: Process for the cooling and separating of small particle-containing gases comprising fine, very fine and coarser particles and having a temperature in the range of from 800.degree.-1400.degree. C. and a pressure in the range of from 3-60 bar in which the gases are first cooled in a heat exchanger for producing superheated steam, and then the coarser particles are separated from the gases in a cyclone whereafter the gases are further cooled by passing them into (a) helically coiled tube(s) which is (are) cooled with a cooling medium.

Abstract: An improved process for manufacture of a purified gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide is described wherein a fuel is partially combusted in a reactor to produce a crude gas product containing soot, ash and contaminating gases such as HCN, H.sub.2 S and COS, the crude gas product is subsequently cooled in a waste heat boiler and the cooled gas is washed in a scrubber to remove the entrained soot particles. In this improved process, removal of soot, ash and gaseous contaminants from the cooled crude gas product is facilitated by washing the cooled gas in a scrubber with an aqueous salt solution containing at least 10% by weight of an alkaline water-soluble salt, which salt solution is subsequently regenerated by removal of absorbed gases and suspended solids (soot and ash) and recycled to the scrubber.