Abstract: Disclosed is a spectroscopic device, system, and method for measuring the concentration of one or more molecular species of interest in a gas, liquid or solid sample, where the device may be portable, may be commercially manufactured, and/or may be adapted to existing systems and/or integrated with new systems to provide optical gas sensing for such systems. The disclosed devices, systems, and methods can be particularly useful in monitoring the purity of, e.g., a certain gas species, including determining whether a gas mixture contains certain gas species above a set concentration limit.

Abstract: Disclosed is a spectroscopic device, system, and method for measuring the concentration of one or more molecular species of interest in a gas, liquid or solid sample, where the device may be portable, may be commercially manufactured, and/or may be adapted to existing systems and/or integrated with new systems to provide optical gas sensing for such systems. The disclosed devices, systems, and methods can be particularly useful in monitoring the purity of, e.g., a certain gas species, including determining whether a gas mixture contains certain gas species above a set concentration limit.

Abstract: Disclosed is a spectroscopic device, system, and method for measuring the concentration of one or more molecular species of interest in a gas, liquid or solid sample, where the device may be portable, may be commercially manufactured, and/or may be adapted to existing systems and/or integrated with new systems to provide optical gas sensing for such systems. The disclosed devices, systems, and methods can be particularly useful in monitoring the purity of, e.g., a certain gas species, including determining whether a gas mixture contains certain gas species above a set concentration limit.

Abstract: A process for converting oxygenates to olefins comprising: a) feeding an oxygenate stream to a reactor; b) contacting the oxygenate stream with a molecular sieve catalyst to form products and coke on the catalyst; c) passing the products and entrained catalyst into a first gas/solid separation device to separate the products from the catalyst; d) removing the products from the first gas/solid separation device; e) passing a portion of the catalyst from the reactor to a regenerator; f) regenerating the catalyst in the regenerator by contacting it with a regeneration medium to combust the coke on the catalyst and form combustion products; and g) passing the combustion products and entrained catalyst into a second gas/solid separation device to separate the combustion products from the catalyst wherein the separation efficiency of the first gas/solid separation device is greater than the separation efficiency of the second gas/solid separation device.

Abstract: A protective shield for protecting a feed nozzle encloses, not only the circumference of the feed nozzle, but also encloses and protects the end of the feed nozzle. The protective shield includes an open portion in its end which corresponds to, and surrounds the slit in the end of the feed nozzle. Optimal shape of the open portion is determined by spray visualization tests.